In general, all the objects will expand when heated. Examples of the application of expansion in everyday life are as follows:
a. Railroad connections made tenuous that there is a gap to expand. If there is no gap, then it will expand curved rails
b. At one end of the metal bridge should be given space expansion. Otherwise, it can damage the foundation of the bridge expansion bridge
c. Installation of the window needs to be given room to expand. If not, then the window will be broken because pemuaiannya restrained
d. Installation of telephone wire or an electrical wire is made somewhat loose, because the wire that expands when exposed to heat
e. Rubber balloon when heated continuously will erupt because the air inside the balloon expands
f. Glasses whose mouth is not good, if pouring hot water will burst. Because part of the glass that is exposed hot water expands, while those not exposed to the heat did not expand
g. The liquid in the thermometer expand because of the heat, so the thermometer showed the fickle if there is a change of heat.
7.03.2015
Melting point, freezing point, and melting point of solids and liquids
Solids in general to a liquid when heated. Will become solid when cooled or frozen. The change from solid to liquid form so-called melt or fuse. Change from liquid to solid form called ice. Water freezes at 0 degrees C. The temperature at the time of freeze-called freezing. Gold will melt at a temperature of 1,530 degrees C, the silver will melt at a temperature of 960 degrees C. The wax will melt at a temperature of 54 degrees C. The melting point, freezing point, and the melting point of an object is different.
All the liquid will evaporate when heated. Liquid evaporation time is not the same. There are fast and some are slow. To accelerate the evaporation process can be done by:
a. Extending surface drying clothes, for example by stretching out to dry
b. Blew surface of the liquid, for example hot water blown in order to quickly cool
c. Adding heat eg direct drying in the sun that dries quickly.
All the liquid will evaporate when heated. Liquid evaporation time is not the same. There are fast and some are slow. To accelerate the evaporation process can be done by:
a. Extending surface drying clothes, for example by stretching out to dry
b. Blew surface of the liquid, for example hot water blown in order to quickly cool
c. Adding heat eg direct drying in the sun that dries quickly.
Definition of heat
Heat is a form of energy, ie heat energy. If an object releasing heat on other objects, the heat received by other object is equal to the heat released it. This statement is known as the principle of Black (heat is released = heat received).
There are two kinds of changes that can be caused by heat, namely:
a. Changes permanent. A sheet of paper when heated will burn. The paper turned into ashes. Abu when cooled can not be a paper return. Changes in the paper are fixed.
b. Temporary changes. A piece of wire when heated initially red glowing eventually turns white and the length will increase. When cooled the temperature back to normal and also back to normal length. Changes in the temporary wire.
There are two kinds of changes that can be caused by heat, namely:
a. Changes permanent. A sheet of paper when heated will burn. The paper turned into ashes. Abu when cooled can not be a paper return. Changes in the paper are fixed.
b. Temporary changes. A piece of wire when heated initially red glowing eventually turns white and the length will increase. When cooled the temperature back to normal and also back to normal length. Changes in the temporary wire.
Energy change
Energy can be transformed from one form to another, such as:
a. Turn chemical energy into mechanical energy
The food we eat everyday contain chemical energy. Chemical energy contained in food has been changed into mechanical energy in our muscles. From these changes we can do various activities. Chemical energy in the fuel is converted into mechanical energy in cars, motorcycles, airplanes, and trains.
b. Chemical energy transformed into heat energy
Firewood has chemical energy, chemical energy in the fuel wood is converted into heat energy in the bonfire.
c. Electric energy transformed into light energy
Many household appliances that utilize electrical energy, for example for lighting. Without electric light houses and streets will be dark at night.
d. Electric energy transformed into sound energy
When we talk on the phone, arising sound energy into the phone, then converted into electrical energy. When the phone is received, electric energy is converted into sound energy.
e. Electric energy transformed into heat energy
Examples of the electric irons, electric stoves, electric ovens, water heaters, and so on.
f. Electric energy transformed into mechanical energy
For example, a fan, a drill, an electric sewing machine, electric motors, and so on.
a. Turn chemical energy into mechanical energy
The food we eat everyday contain chemical energy. Chemical energy contained in food has been changed into mechanical energy in our muscles. From these changes we can do various activities. Chemical energy in the fuel is converted into mechanical energy in cars, motorcycles, airplanes, and trains.
b. Chemical energy transformed into heat energy
Firewood has chemical energy, chemical energy in the fuel wood is converted into heat energy in the bonfire.
c. Electric energy transformed into light energy
Many household appliances that utilize electrical energy, for example for lighting. Without electric light houses and streets will be dark at night.
d. Electric energy transformed into sound energy
When we talk on the phone, arising sound energy into the phone, then converted into electrical energy. When the phone is received, electric energy is converted into sound energy.
e. Electric energy transformed into heat energy
Examples of the electric irons, electric stoves, electric ovens, water heaters, and so on.
f. Electric energy transformed into mechanical energy
For example, a fan, a drill, an electric sewing machine, electric motors, and so on.
Various energy
A variety of forms of energy, among others:
a. Energy of motion (kinetic)
Moving objects have energy. Energy possessed by moving objects called motion energy. For example, wind blowing and water flowing energy of motion (kinetic).
b. Thermal energy
Burning objects generate heat. Heat is also called heat. Heat is a form of energy. Burning candle can rotate spiral paper that depend on it. Lighted candles have heat energy.
c. Light energy
Cotton is placed under the convex lens exposed to the sun can burn due to the sunlight collected by the convex lens can heat up to burn cotton.
d. Electrical energy
The energy generated electric current is able to run the electric motor. For example: electric lamps, fans, electric irons, and electric water pumps.
e. Sound energy
The sound is generated from the vibration. Strong sound is produced from strong vibrations. The sound of thunder, fireworks, and the bombs are powerful sound. Strong sound produces great energy. Powerful sound can be deafening, vibrating and even break a window. The energy generated by sound is called sound energy.
f. Potential energy
The energy stored in an object is called potential energy. Ajar catapults that has stored energy. This energy can be released at any time. Per the ajar have the energy. Bow arrows ajar energy. This energy is called potential energy of the spring.
g. Chemical energy
Energy stored in chemical called chemical energy. Chemical energy contained in various chemicals, such as batteries, batteries, fuel, and food.
a. Energy of motion (kinetic)
Moving objects have energy. Energy possessed by moving objects called motion energy. For example, wind blowing and water flowing energy of motion (kinetic).
b. Thermal energy
Burning objects generate heat. Heat is also called heat. Heat is a form of energy. Burning candle can rotate spiral paper that depend on it. Lighted candles have heat energy.
c. Light energy
Cotton is placed under the convex lens exposed to the sun can burn due to the sunlight collected by the convex lens can heat up to burn cotton.
d. Electrical energy
The energy generated electric current is able to run the electric motor. For example: electric lamps, fans, electric irons, and electric water pumps.
e. Sound energy
The sound is generated from the vibration. Strong sound is produced from strong vibrations. The sound of thunder, fireworks, and the bombs are powerful sound. Strong sound produces great energy. Powerful sound can be deafening, vibrating and even break a window. The energy generated by sound is called sound energy.
f. Potential energy
The energy stored in an object is called potential energy. Ajar catapults that has stored energy. This energy can be released at any time. Per the ajar have the energy. Bow arrows ajar energy. This energy is called potential energy of the spring.
g. Chemical energy
Energy stored in chemical called chemical energy. Chemical energy contained in various chemicals, such as batteries, batteries, fuel, and food.
Gold, silver, and tin
Gold belonged to the precious metal because it is resistant to rust and do not react with acids. Gold is used to make a variety of jewelry, such as rings, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, trophy and crown. Gold mine located in Cikotok (West Java) and Rejang Lebong (Bengkulu). Gold content is expressed in carats. Grade 24-karat pure gold (100%). For gold jewelry made other metals should be mixed. 22 carat gold having a purity of 22/24 x 100% = 91.66%, meaning that 91.66% is gold and 8.34% is other metals. 23 carat gold having a purity of 23/24 x 100% = 95.83%, meaning that 95.83% is gold and 4.17% is other metals.
Silver are produced from Yogyakarta and Kendari. Items made of silver, for example ashtrays, Robyong lamp, vase, bowl, plate and so on.
Tin ore is produced on the island of Bangka, Belitung, and Singkep. Tin smelting contained in Muntok. Tin is used for brazing, making craft items, as well as to coat the cans so as not to rust.
Silver are produced from Yogyakarta and Kendari. Items made of silver, for example ashtrays, Robyong lamp, vase, bowl, plate and so on.
Tin ore is produced on the island of Bangka, Belitung, and Singkep. Tin smelting contained in Muntok. Tin is used for brazing, making craft items, as well as to coat the cans so as not to rust.
Copper, aluminum, and nickel
Copper is a good conductor of heat, so it is widely used for electrical wire, telephone wire, and cooking appliances. Copper ore contained in the mountainous Jayawijaya (Papua). Copper is a soft metal. In order to be even harder to be mixed with other metals. A mixture of various metals called alloys. A mixture of copper, tin, and zinc to produce bronze. Bronze is widely used to make gamelan, statues, medals, and craft items. A mixture of copper and zinc to produce brass or pan. Pan used to make door handles and handicrafts.
Aluminium has a rust resistant properties and is very light. Aluminum ore called bauxite. Bauxite are produced from Pulau Bintan and Singkawang. Because of its lightweight, shiny, not easy to rust, easily dissipates heat, and its use is more practical, the aluminum is used to make kitchen utensils such as kettle, pot, and a basket. In addition, aluminum is also used as a raw material for making airplanes.
Nickel ore found in the area Sorowako (Central Sulawesi). Nickel has a rust resistant properties, when polished shiny and attractive. Nickel is used to make tools automobile, bicycle parts, motorcycle wheel, and so on. Goods coated with nickel-called divernikel.
Aluminium has a rust resistant properties and is very light. Aluminum ore called bauxite. Bauxite are produced from Pulau Bintan and Singkawang. Because of its lightweight, shiny, not easy to rust, easily dissipates heat, and its use is more practical, the aluminum is used to make kitchen utensils such as kettle, pot, and a basket. In addition, aluminum is also used as a raw material for making airplanes.
Nickel ore found in the area Sorowako (Central Sulawesi). Nickel has a rust resistant properties, when polished shiny and attractive. Nickel is used to make tools automobile, bicycle parts, motorcycle wheel, and so on. Goods coated with nickel-called divernikel.
Understanding the web of life and the food chain
The web of life is to live the way the relationship between the various types of living beings. In the web of life are food chain. The food chain is an event eat and be eaten by a certain order among living things with each other. Example: rice - rat - a boa - eagle. At the food chain, the rice acts as a producer, consumer rats as the first level, a boa as consumers second level, and the eagle as the third level consumers.
a. Plants derive energy directly from the sun (photosynthesis). Plant is also known as the food producer or manufacturer.
b. Plant-eating animals obtain energy from eating plants and indirectly obtain energy from the sun. This animal is called the first consumer (eg, rats eat rice).
c. The first consumer-eating animals called second consumer (eg snakes eat mice).
d. Both consumer eating animals called third consumer (eg eagle eating a snake), and so on.
e. Humans as eaters of plants and animals can become the first consumers and consumers both.
f. Decomposers are living things that can break back substances contained in the living body. Which include bacteria include bacteria and fungi. Decomposition will be returned to the soil in the form of nutrient elements. With the nutrient elements, the plant can grow well.
a. Plants derive energy directly from the sun (photosynthesis). Plant is also known as the food producer or manufacturer.
b. Plant-eating animals obtain energy from eating plants and indirectly obtain energy from the sun. This animal is called the first consumer (eg, rats eat rice).
c. The first consumer-eating animals called second consumer (eg snakes eat mice).
d. Both consumer eating animals called third consumer (eg eagle eating a snake), and so on.
e. Humans as eaters of plants and animals can become the first consumers and consumers both.
f. Decomposers are living things that can break back substances contained in the living body. Which include bacteria include bacteria and fungi. Decomposition will be returned to the soil in the form of nutrient elements. With the nutrient elements, the plant can grow well.
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