In an interaction between the individual with others, whether others will accept or reject, how they want others to know about them will be determined by how individuals in expressing themselves. Disclosure of self (self-disclosure) is the process of presenting themselves embodied in the activities to share feelings and information with others (Wrightsman, 1987).
According to Morton (in Sears, et al., 1989) is an activity of self disclosure and information sharing intimate feelings with others. The information in this self-disclosure is a descriptive or evaluative. Descriptive meaning individuals depicts various facts about yourself that may not be known by listeners like, occupation, address and age. While the evaluative meaning that individuals express their personal opinion or feeling like the type who liked or things that are not liked or hated.
Self-disclosure may include various topics such as information behavior, attitudes, feelings, desires, motivations and ideas that fit and self-contained in that person. The depth and the disclosure of a person depends on the situation and the people who were invited to interact. If the people who interact with the fun and make feel safe and can evoke the spirit of the possibilities for idividu to more open is great. In contrast to certain people who can just shut down because they felt less confident (DeVito, 1992).
In the process of self-disclosure appears to the individuals involved have a tendency to follow the norms of reciprocal (mutual). When someone tells something that is personal, it will tend to give a commensurate response. In general, expect others to treat the same as treating them (Raven & Rubin, 1983).
"Someone who disclose personal information that is more familiar than we do will make us feel threatened and we would prefer to end this kind of relationship. If instead we are expressing ourselves too familiar than others, we will feel stupid and insecure "(Sears, et al., 1988).
Culture also has some influence on one's self disclosure. Each and every nation with their own cultural patterns provide a certain limit the extent to which individuals appropriate and inappropriate to express themselves. Kurt Lewin (in Raven & Rubin, 1983) from the peneitiannya found that Americans seem easier to open than the Germans, but this openness is limited to superficial things and are very reluctant to divulge their personal relating . On the other hand, the Germans at first more difficult to express themselves even to things that are superficial, but if you already have confidence, then they are not reluctant to divulge their deepest personal.
5.13.2011
5.11.2011
Example methods and Nonexample methods in school
The concept is generally studied in two ways. At least many of the concepts we learned outside of school through observation and also studied through the definition of the concept itself. Example and Nonexample is a tactic that can be used to teach the definition of the concept. This tactic aims to prepare students quickly by using the 2 things which consists of example and non-example of a definition of existing concepts, and asks students to classify them in accordance with existing concepts. Example illustrates an example of something that would be a material that is being discussed, while the non-example will illustrate something that is not an example of a material that is being discussed.
Example and Nonexample deemed necessary because the definition of the concept is a concept that is known primarily only in terms of its definition rather than from its physical properties. By focusing students' attention to the example and non-example is expected to encourage students to go deeper understanding of the material.
According to Buehl (1996) profits from the method of example and nonexample among others:
1. Students go from one definition that will be used to expand understanding of the concepts in greater depth and more complex
2. Students engage in a process of discovery (discovery), which encourages them to build a progressive concept through example and experience of non example
3. Students were given something that is opposite to explore the characteristics of a concept by considering the non-example is possible there are still some parts which is a character of the concept which has been described in the example.
Tennyson and Pork (1980 p. 59) in 1994 Slavin suggested that if the teacher will present an example of a concept then there are three things that should be addressed:
1. Sort examples of easy to difficult.
2. Select examples - examples that differ from each other.
3. Compare and distinguish examples - examples and non examples
Setting up the experience with examples and non-examples will help students to construct meaning that richer and more profound than an important concept. Joyce and Weil (1986) in Buehl (1996) has provided the conceptual framework related to the action strategy, which uses a model of inquiry to introduce new concepts and methods of Example Nonexample.
Framework concepts include:
1. Generalized the pair of examples and non-examples that explain some of the most of the character or attributes of a new concept. Present the in a time and ask students to think about what differences there are in the two lists. During the students to think about every non-examples and these examples, ask them what made the two lists differ.
2. Setting up the examples and non examples additional, more specific concepts to encourage students to check the hypothesis that has been made so as to understand new concepts.
3. Asking students to work in pairs to generalize the concept of non-examples and their examples. After that, ask each pair to inform the class to discuss in the classical, so every student can give feedback.
4. As part of the cover, is asking students to describe the concepts that have been obtained by using characters that have been obtained from the examples and non-examples.
Example and Nonexample deemed necessary because the definition of the concept is a concept that is known primarily only in terms of its definition rather than from its physical properties. By focusing students' attention to the example and non-example is expected to encourage students to go deeper understanding of the material.
According to Buehl (1996) profits from the method of example and nonexample among others:
1. Students go from one definition that will be used to expand understanding of the concepts in greater depth and more complex
2. Students engage in a process of discovery (discovery), which encourages them to build a progressive concept through example and experience of non example
3. Students were given something that is opposite to explore the characteristics of a concept by considering the non-example is possible there are still some parts which is a character of the concept which has been described in the example.
Tennyson and Pork (1980 p. 59) in 1994 Slavin suggested that if the teacher will present an example of a concept then there are three things that should be addressed:
1. Sort examples of easy to difficult.
2. Select examples - examples that differ from each other.
3. Compare and distinguish examples - examples and non examples
Setting up the experience with examples and non-examples will help students to construct meaning that richer and more profound than an important concept. Joyce and Weil (1986) in Buehl (1996) has provided the conceptual framework related to the action strategy, which uses a model of inquiry to introduce new concepts and methods of Example Nonexample.
Framework concepts include:
1. Generalized the pair of examples and non-examples that explain some of the most of the character or attributes of a new concept. Present the in a time and ask students to think about what differences there are in the two lists. During the students to think about every non-examples and these examples, ask them what made the two lists differ.
2. Setting up the examples and non examples additional, more specific concepts to encourage students to check the hypothesis that has been made so as to understand new concepts.
3. Asking students to work in pairs to generalize the concept of non-examples and their examples. After that, ask each pair to inform the class to discuss in the classical, so every student can give feedback.
4. As part of the cover, is asking students to describe the concepts that have been obtained by using characters that have been obtained from the examples and non-examples.
5.10.2011
Attitudes
Definition
Human behavior is also triggered by the attitude. Own attitude Naturalife Greenworld sense as "the organization of opinion, a person's beliefs about the object or situation that is relatively steady relative who accompanied the particular feelings and provide a basis for the organism to make a response or behavior in some way it chooses." Or in simple language the attitude is the willingness to act against a thing.
Attitudes have some understanding and definition as follows:
• Attitude is the mental predisposition to commit an act (Kimmball Young (1945)
• Attitude is the constancy and uniqueness of a person's behavior in relation to human stimulus or specific events (Sheriff & sheriff 1956)
• Attitude is predidposisi learned to respond consistently in certain procedures and with respect to a particular object (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975)
• In conclusion pengertain attitude is the tendency to act and react to the stimulus or stimuli.
Components of attitudes
Attitude is the relationship of the various components comprising:
a. Cognitive components: the component that is composed on the basis of knowledge and information about objects owned by a person his or components associated with the knowledge, views, beliefs or how to perceive objects
b. Affective components: an evaluative component that is associated with a sense of happy and unhappy
c. Conative components: one's readiness to behave in a manner related to the object or component associated with the tendency to act toward the object
The characteristics of attitudes
Attitude has the following characteristics:
a. Attitudes are not innate
Means that human beings are born not bring a certain attitude on an object. Therefore, the attitudes are formed during development of the individual. Because formed during development of the attitudes can change, can be formed and studied. But the trend is permanent attitude.
b. Attitude is always associated with the object
Attitudes are formed because of the relationship with certain objects, through the perception of that object.
c. Attitudes can be fixed on one object and a set of objects
If someone has a negative attitude on one person maaka he will show a negative attitude in the group of people.
d. That attitude may last long and short
If attitude has become a value in one's life it will last long survive, but if the attitude has not been deep in oneself, relaatif attitudes can change.
e. Attitude containing feelings or motivation
Attitudes about something will be followed by a certain feeling, either positive or negative. Attitudes also contains the motivation or impetus to behave.
Human behavior is also triggered by the attitude. Own attitude Naturalife Greenworld sense as "the organization of opinion, a person's beliefs about the object or situation that is relatively steady relative who accompanied the particular feelings and provide a basis for the organism to make a response or behavior in some way it chooses." Or in simple language the attitude is the willingness to act against a thing.
Attitudes have some understanding and definition as follows:
• Attitude is the mental predisposition to commit an act (Kimmball Young (1945)
• Attitude is the constancy and uniqueness of a person's behavior in relation to human stimulus or specific events (Sheriff & sheriff 1956)
• Attitude is predidposisi learned to respond consistently in certain procedures and with respect to a particular object (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975)
• In conclusion pengertain attitude is the tendency to act and react to the stimulus or stimuli.
Components of attitudes
Attitude is the relationship of the various components comprising:
a. Cognitive components: the component that is composed on the basis of knowledge and information about objects owned by a person his or components associated with the knowledge, views, beliefs or how to perceive objects
b. Affective components: an evaluative component that is associated with a sense of happy and unhappy
c. Conative components: one's readiness to behave in a manner related to the object or component associated with the tendency to act toward the object
The characteristics of attitudes
Attitude has the following characteristics:
a. Attitudes are not innate
Means that human beings are born not bring a certain attitude on an object. Therefore, the attitudes are formed during development of the individual. Because formed during development of the attitudes can change, can be formed and studied. But the trend is permanent attitude.
b. Attitude is always associated with the object
Attitudes are formed because of the relationship with certain objects, through the perception of that object.
c. Attitudes can be fixed on one object and a set of objects
If someone has a negative attitude on one person maaka he will show a negative attitude in the group of people.
d. That attitude may last long and short
If attitude has become a value in one's life it will last long survive, but if the attitude has not been deep in oneself, relaatif attitudes can change.
e. Attitude containing feelings or motivation
Attitudes about something will be followed by a certain feeling, either positive or negative. Attitudes also contains the motivation or impetus to behave.
5.09.2011
Theories of interpersonal relationships
There are 4 models of interpersonal relationships which include:
a. Models of social exchange (social exchange model)
Interpersonal relationships is identified with a commercial transaction. People interact because they expect something that meets their needs. This means that in that relationship will produce reward (positive result) or cost (negative effect) and the results / profit (reward minus cost).
b. Role model (role model)
Interpersonal relationship is defined as a stage play. Here each person plays a role fit the script that was made public. The relationship will be better if individuals act in the role expectations (role expectation), the demands of the role (role demands), have the skills (role skills) and to avoid role conflict. Role expectations refer to the obligations, duties and associated with a particular position, while the demands of the role is the role of social pressure that must be executed. Meanwhile, the role of skills is the ability to play a certain role.
c. Model games (games people play model)
The model uses a transactional analysis approach. This model explains that in relating the individuals involved in various games or. Basic personality in this game is divided into 3 parts:
• Personality of the parents (which is an aspect of personality and behavioral assumptions received from parents or who are considered as a parent.)
• adult personality (the personality that process information rationally)
• Personality of the child (taken from the sense of personality and childhood experiences that contain the potential for intuition, spontaneity, creativity and fun).
On the interaction of individuals using one of these personalities while others responded with a display one of these personalities. For example, a husband who was sick and wanted some attention on the wife (the child's personality), then the wife realizes her husband and care for her pain (personality parents).
d. Interactional model (interacsional model)
This model views a system as a hubungann interpersonal. Each system has a structural nature, integrative and terrain. In brief, this model incorporates the exchange model, role and game.
a. Models of social exchange (social exchange model)
Interpersonal relationships is identified with a commercial transaction. People interact because they expect something that meets their needs. This means that in that relationship will produce reward (positive result) or cost (negative effect) and the results / profit (reward minus cost).
b. Role model (role model)
Interpersonal relationship is defined as a stage play. Here each person plays a role fit the script that was made public. The relationship will be better if individuals act in the role expectations (role expectation), the demands of the role (role demands), have the skills (role skills) and to avoid role conflict. Role expectations refer to the obligations, duties and associated with a particular position, while the demands of the role is the role of social pressure that must be executed. Meanwhile, the role of skills is the ability to play a certain role.
c. Model games (games people play model)
The model uses a transactional analysis approach. This model explains that in relating the individuals involved in various games or. Basic personality in this game is divided into 3 parts:
• Personality of the parents (which is an aspect of personality and behavioral assumptions received from parents or who are considered as a parent.)
• adult personality (the personality that process information rationally)
• Personality of the child (taken from the sense of personality and childhood experiences that contain the potential for intuition, spontaneity, creativity and fun).
On the interaction of individuals using one of these personalities while others responded with a display one of these personalities. For example, a husband who was sick and wanted some attention on the wife (the child's personality), then the wife realizes her husband and care for her pain (personality parents).
d. Interactional model (interacsional model)
This model views a system as a hubungann interpersonal. Each system has a structural nature, integrative and terrain. In brief, this model incorporates the exchange model, role and game.
5.08.2011
The factors underlying cause of human interaction
a. imitation Factors, imitation is the impulse to imitate others.
According to Tarde imitation factor is the only underlying factor or underlying social interaction. As noted by Gerungan (1966:36). Imitation does not run automatically but rather is influenced by the attitude of accepting and admiring of what is imitated. To make imitation or imitate any other psychological factors that play a role. In other words, imitation does not run automatically, but there are other factors that come into play, so that someone entered imitation. How can one imitate something kalu person concerned did not have the acceptance of what is imitated. Thus, to imitate the things necessary to accept the attitude, there is admiring attitude toward what is imitated it, because it does not take place on its own imitations. An example of imitation is the language; children learn language through imitation of others besides the modes that hit the community developed because of imitation.
b. Suggestibility factor, is the psychological effect accepted without any criticism
What is meant by the suggestion is psychic influence, whether that comes from yourself, and that comes from others, which are generally accepted without any criticism of the individuals concerned. Therefore segesti distinguishable (1) auto suggestion, namely self-suggestion, suggestion that came from within the individual in question, and (2) hetero-suggestion, the suggestion that comes from other people. Suppose a person is feeling sick-sick, even though objectively concerned in a state of good health because of auto-suggestion therapy the person is feeling in good health, he felt unwell. Examples for hetero suggestion is for example in the areas of trade, the propagation of merchandise in such a way, until no further thinking propaganda people consumed it, and accept only what is proposed by the traders concerned.
Imitation and suggestion of its role in the interaction is almost the same magnitude, but different. In imitation, the people who imitate the current situation is opposite to that imitated in a passive state. While the suggestion of people deliberately and actively provide views, norms and so on for other people receive.
The occurrence of the suggestion to follow the argument as follows:
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, when critical power is inhibited. People who lack the capacity to think critically or less will be easily influenced. Critical resources will be hampered if people are exposed to emotional stimuli. Or in a state of physical and mental fatigue. For example people who have been meeting for hours, she was tired both physically and psychologically, the reluctance to think hard, so usually in a state that so people will easily accept the opinions, views from other parties, or in other words the person concerned will be easy receive suggestions from other parties.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, when the capacity to think split (dissociation). People experiencing dissociation when the person is in a state of confusion so easily accept the influence of others. Psychologically people are in a state of confusion trying to find a peaceful settlement because his soul is not so easily influenced by others.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if the material has the support of many (the majority of suggestion). In this theorem one would easily receive the views, nporma, opinions and so if it has obtained majority support.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if that gives the material a person who has authority. Although the material given the same but if that gives different then will there is also a difference in reception. People who have the authority would tend to be easily accepted because of high levels of trust
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if the person concerned has no opinions that precedes the same direction. If there is an opinion in those who had preceded and which is suggested in line with the generally people will easily accept the opinion
c. identification factor, is the urge to be identical (same) with others. . Identification is a term proposed by Freud, a leading figure in psychology, especially in psychoanalysis. Examples of children learning the social norms of the identification of their parents. In the identification of children will shift gears mengabil attitudes or norms of their parents who made the identification. In this identification process of all the norms, ideals, attitudes and sebagainyadari parents wherever possible be used as the norms, attitudes and so it is of their own children, and children use them in everyday behavior.
d. Sympathy factor, is an attraction to others. Hence the emergence of a feeling on the basis of emotion. In sympathy people feel attracted to other people who seemed to take place by itself, how it is that attracted often unable to provide further clarification. The opposite of sympathy is the antipathy of a rejection or negative. While empathy is a tendency to share in everything that is being perceived by others (feeling with another person).
According to Tarde imitation factor is the only underlying factor or underlying social interaction. As noted by Gerungan (1966:36). Imitation does not run automatically but rather is influenced by the attitude of accepting and admiring of what is imitated. To make imitation or imitate any other psychological factors that play a role. In other words, imitation does not run automatically, but there are other factors that come into play, so that someone entered imitation. How can one imitate something kalu person concerned did not have the acceptance of what is imitated. Thus, to imitate the things necessary to accept the attitude, there is admiring attitude toward what is imitated it, because it does not take place on its own imitations. An example of imitation is the language; children learn language through imitation of others besides the modes that hit the community developed because of imitation.
b. Suggestibility factor, is the psychological effect accepted without any criticism
What is meant by the suggestion is psychic influence, whether that comes from yourself, and that comes from others, which are generally accepted without any criticism of the individuals concerned. Therefore segesti distinguishable (1) auto suggestion, namely self-suggestion, suggestion that came from within the individual in question, and (2) hetero-suggestion, the suggestion that comes from other people. Suppose a person is feeling sick-sick, even though objectively concerned in a state of good health because of auto-suggestion therapy the person is feeling in good health, he felt unwell. Examples for hetero suggestion is for example in the areas of trade, the propagation of merchandise in such a way, until no further thinking propaganda people consumed it, and accept only what is proposed by the traders concerned.
Imitation and suggestion of its role in the interaction is almost the same magnitude, but different. In imitation, the people who imitate the current situation is opposite to that imitated in a passive state. While the suggestion of people deliberately and actively provide views, norms and so on for other people receive.
The occurrence of the suggestion to follow the argument as follows:
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, when critical power is inhibited. People who lack the capacity to think critically or less will be easily influenced. Critical resources will be hampered if people are exposed to emotional stimuli. Or in a state of physical and mental fatigue. For example people who have been meeting for hours, she was tired both physically and psychologically, the reluctance to think hard, so usually in a state that so people will easily accept the opinions, views from other parties, or in other words the person concerned will be easy receive suggestions from other parties.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, when the capacity to think split (dissociation). People experiencing dissociation when the person is in a state of confusion so easily accept the influence of others. Psychologically people are in a state of confusion trying to find a peaceful settlement because his soul is not so easily influenced by others.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if the material has the support of many (the majority of suggestion). In this theorem one would easily receive the views, nporma, opinions and so if it has obtained majority support.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if that gives the material a person who has authority. Although the material given the same but if that gives different then will there is also a difference in reception. People who have the authority would tend to be easily accepted because of high levels of trust
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if the person concerned has no opinions that precedes the same direction. If there is an opinion in those who had preceded and which is suggested in line with the generally people will easily accept the opinion
c. identification factor, is the urge to be identical (same) with others. . Identification is a term proposed by Freud, a leading figure in psychology, especially in psychoanalysis. Examples of children learning the social norms of the identification of their parents. In the identification of children will shift gears mengabil attitudes or norms of their parents who made the identification. In this identification process of all the norms, ideals, attitudes and sebagainyadari parents wherever possible be used as the norms, attitudes and so it is of their own children, and children use them in everyday behavior.
d. Sympathy factor, is an attraction to others. Hence the emergence of a feeling on the basis of emotion. In sympathy people feel attracted to other people who seemed to take place by itself, how it is that attracted often unable to provide further clarification. The opposite of sympathy is the antipathy of a rejection or negative. While empathy is a tendency to share in everything that is being perceived by others (feeling with another person).
5.07.2011
Social Interaction
As individual human beings have the incentive or motive to hold a relationship with himself, while as social human beings have the urge to make relationships with others, people have social encouragement. With the encouragement or social motives in humans, then humans would find someone else to hold a relationship or interaction. Thus it will be involved in an interaction between human beings one with another human being.
Understanding social interaction
Social interaction is the relationship between the individual one with another individual. Individuals can influence the other one and vice versa. (Definition of social psychology). In fact the real interactions that occur not as simple as it seems it is a very complex process. Interaction occurred because it is determined by many factors including other human beings that are around that have specific behavior as well.
In the social interaction there is the possibility of individuals to adjust to another, or vice versa. Understanding adjustment here in the broadest sense, namely that individuals can merge themselves with the surrounding circumstances, or otherwise individuals can change the environment in accordance with the circumstances within the individual, in accordance with what is desired by the individual concerned.
Understanding social interaction
Social interaction is the relationship between the individual one with another individual. Individuals can influence the other one and vice versa. (Definition of social psychology). In fact the real interactions that occur not as simple as it seems it is a very complex process. Interaction occurred because it is determined by many factors including other human beings that are around that have specific behavior as well.
In the social interaction there is the possibility of individuals to adjust to another, or vice versa. Understanding adjustment here in the broadest sense, namely that individuals can merge themselves with the surrounding circumstances, or otherwise individuals can change the environment in accordance with the circumstances within the individual, in accordance with what is desired by the individual concerned.
3.07.2011
The secret of Warren Buffett’s Wealth
Citing an article from the San Francisco Chronicle, Thursday, April 1, 2010. There are 5 figures in the world's richest billionaires who still has close links with the simplicity of their lifestyle. One of the billionaire and legendary figures of the world's best investor is Warren Buffett, a successful investor, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, as well as generous (philanthropist) famous.
Many people try to find secrets and tips telling mindset of Buffett-style investing step by buying and follow the book - his book is selling well in the market. However, Buffett's wealth secret in fact, come from generous attitude and a simple lifestyle in his personal life.
From an early age, Buffett has shown his passion in producing and saving money. He had been a salesman door to door, selling gum, soft drinks, to magazines and newspapers. He was diligent saving and the money is used only for essential purposes only.
Warren Buffett is often called the "Oracle from Omaha", currently has assets worth about U.S. $ 47 billion. Together with his wife, 79-year man is still living in a modest home in Omaha, Nebraska, United States who purchased at a price of U.S. $ 31.500, more than 50 years ago, still not using the fence.
Buffet travel without being escorted by anyone and use simple personal cars used until damaged before replacing. He did not travel the world using a private jet, although he has one of the largest jet company's in the world. When resting worn with watching TV while eating pop corn.
Although often enjoy a meal at the finest restaurants in various parts of the world, Buffett's preferred menu burgers, fries and Coca-Cola. When asked why he did not have a yacht, Buffett replied: "Most toys only cause pain in the neck". In fact, he did not have a computer at his desk and travel without a cell phone.
His children will not inherit much of his wealth, Buffett wanted to give them sufficiently and avoid for them to feel no need to do anything, being too comfortable with the situation now.
Warren Buffet once promised, after death he will give 85 percent of their wealth to Bill Gates' charitable foundation, the Gates Foundation. However, the charity is more quickly than expected. In 2006, Warren Buffett donated 10 million in Berkshire shares worth U.S. $ 30.7 billion to the Gates Foundation. Buffett's charity donation amount was recorded as the largest donation in the history of America.
A meaning that we capture here, no matter how good your trading ability, no matter how often you profit, you will never "succeed" if not supported by the ability of saving money well.
To be rich like Warren Buffet you may have to set aside part of your profits and collect them to be part of your trading capital. The majority of traders fail because they do not have enough capital to cover the mistakes they do when trading. This capital will buy time and time will provide the necessary trading experience in honing trading knowledge.
Often people think of "How to use money properly ", but it turns out that they do is "How to Spend the money instantly. "
What do you think about the attitude of generosity and simple lifestyle ala Warren Buffet? Are these attitudes fit with today's lifestyle Investor?
3.06.2011
Distribution
Distribution has the task of distributing goods or services from producers to consumers. Consumers can obtain needed goods if it had been taken by the distributor into place. Community needs can be met with a better way if the increased production offset by a regular distribution.
Benefits of distribution:
- goods production does not accumulate in the producer.
- not causing of scarcity of goods that cause price increases.
Distribution tasks:
- buy
- save
- held a standardization that is entered setting the size and quality of goods to enable consumers to make choices
- transport
- expenditure
- holding ad
- provide information and explanations about the price, quality, benefits, usage and so forth from the head of the executive
- sell
persons or entities that carry out the distribution referred to as distributors.
Distribution Institutions:
1. merchants: retailers, wholesalers
2. intermediary: - agent: an intermediary who sells the company's production of certain goods.
- a broker: intermediaries who sell / provide the goods on behalf of others.
- Commissioner: intermediaries in the trade who sell / buy things for other people but in his own name and are responsible for actions taken.
Benefits of distribution:
- goods production does not accumulate in the producer.
- not causing of scarcity of goods that cause price increases.
Distribution tasks:
- buy
- save
- held a standardization that is entered setting the size and quality of goods to enable consumers to make choices
- transport
- expenditure
- holding ad
- provide information and explanations about the price, quality, benefits, usage and so forth from the head of the executive
- sell
persons or entities that carry out the distribution referred to as distributors.
Distribution Institutions:
1. merchants: retailers, wholesalers
2. intermediary: - agent: an intermediary who sells the company's production of certain goods.
- a broker: intermediaries who sell / provide the goods on behalf of others.
- Commissioner: intermediaries in the trade who sell / buy things for other people but in his own name and are responsible for actions taken.
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