Personal Blog

Skinny Child Easy to Sick?

2011-12-19T08:32:00.000-08:00

QUESTION:
Doc, my son aged 11 months, weight 7.8 kg and 68.8 cm high. He was born weighing 2.1 kg. I feel my child is too skinny. I am worried because I had heard a child whose weight is less susceptible to illness and can experience delays in brain development. Is it true, doctor? Thank you.

ANSWER:
your child seems indeed include malnutrition, with ideal weight is about 8-9 kg. Noteworthy is the increase nutritional intake by providing food according to the number of optimal caloric requirement. In children / infants that include less nutrition risk for infection is relatively higher compared with the child / baby with good nutrition.

But the actual durability of a child can be affected by various factors such as immunization status, nutrition factors, factors of hygiene and sanitation of neighborhood / healthy lifestyle, presence or absence of congenital abnormalities and so on.

My child got tonsillitis, When to surgery?

2011-12-18T08:30:00.000-08:00

QUESTION: I have a son age 6.9 years. In one year is three times high fever and the doctor said caused by inflamed tonsils. What causes the tonsils become inflamed, because of foods and what foods? What tonsils are to be surgery? Because doctors generally say if the tonsils had been at level 4 required surgery, while I was afraid thyroid rupture. Please explain.

ANSWER:
Tonsils that is often inflamed in children does not necessarily have to be removed (surgery). Surgery is recommended if there is enlargement of the tonsils that cause disruption / obstruction of the airway during sleep (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome), or chronic tonsillitis and cause disruption in their daily activities.

In children, the tonsils are very important function in the immune system in the upper airway. Above considerations are then surgery becomes the last option in case of tonsillitis, only on a clear and robust criteria. Tonsillitis caused by viral infections (mostly), followed by a bacterial infection. So the treatment is based on considerations cause.

Handling of Late Talking Toddlers

2011-12-17T08:29:00.000-08:00

QUESTION:
Doc, my child was aged 2 years and 4 months but language skills not yet clear. My child loved to sing with tarzan language, like to running and shouting. We have consult to 2 doctors of developmental specialist, but only recommended to be trained to speak on a regular basis, and we have been doing. We even had speech therapy, but the result is not good.

To note, we work from 8 am-5 pm. During that time, children with servants (maids are change up to 4 times). Please help to explain what should we do to develop the child's speech.

ANSWER:
It seems that your child has been delayed speech, a condition that can be caused by various factors, such as abnormal / impaired auditory function, mental retardation, disorders of neurological / certain central nervous system, developmental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD ), autism, a lack of stimulation, parenting is wrong and so on.

Of course, should be ascertained first whether hearing function is normal or not, namely to check that function in several ways such as BERA (Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry), which can assess whether any impairment / deafness in his ears so that he can not hear the sound stimulation in the vicinity.

If proven to normal it is necessary to proceed against him in a comprehensive evaluation. Wrong parenting, as often watching TV can also cause the condition, because TV is a stimulation that is only one direction, does not stimulate an active practice to communicate actively.

We recommend that these assessments should be comprehensive, because speech therapy conducted during this certainly is not the only solution before the exact cause of the delay in the speech is determined in advance.

Effect of Seizures Fever in Children's Intelligence

2011-12-16T08:25:00.000-08:00

QUESTION: My son at age 2 years ever step for 15 minutes. Is there any effect on the intelligence? The second question regarding the weight that is difficult to growing fat, eventhough he ate 3-4 meals like adults. What is the cause? As the information he is now 10 years old, weight 28 kg and 140 cm high.

ANSWER: Step (febrile seizures) occur due to electrical jumping in the brain that are disrupted because of a fever. Febrile seizures that occurred less than 15 minutes duration, the condition of the child remained conscious after a seizure, no symptoms occurred due to seizure such as paralysis of the muscles of the leg, without any disturbance in the emergence and growth, seizures do not occur again and again, usually not a worry. Especially if the current conditions remains as usual.

Weight loss that can not increase can be caused by an imbalance between the intake of nutrients with their needs (for growth and development, activities, and so on). What is meant by adequate intake of nutrients is in accordance with the requirements for calories and nutrients of a balanced composition.

Adequacy of intake sign is a weight that increased optimally. Current ideal weight is between 34-35 kg. Keep in mind, that obese children are not automatically healthy. While eating patterns in children should be trained repeatedly and continuously

Child Often Sweating While Sleeping, Is it normal?

2011-12-15T08:24:00.001-08:00

QUESTION:
Doc, I want to ask a question, my child age 2 years, weight 12 kg. Right now he is hard to eat. In addition, when he is sleeping produce a lot of sweat, either in hot or cold weather. I've consulted, but he says it's okay. But I'm not sure if my child is healthy.

ANSWER:
A healthy child may be experiencing conditions such as your child, sweaty as he slept. During sleep, growth hormone will increase and metabolism in the body also increased to allow the cells or tissue repair cells that have been damaged.

Increased metabolism will also generate heat that will be issued through sweat. This is what happens during sleep.

If no other conditions such as prolonged fever, body weakness, and often suffer from ill, then it is normal to sweat during sleep.

Special ability (talent)

2011-12-13T18:27:00.000-08:00

Intelligence is a concept of general ability of individuals in adjusting to their environment. In this general capability, there are abilities that very specific. This specific ability to give a condition which enables the achievement of knowledge, or skills after going through a workout. This is called as a talent (aptitude).

Talent is the natural ability as a potential that still needs to be developed and trained or studied. Because it is still potential in nature, talent is the potential that still require training and development seriously and systematically in order to materialize. Talent is very influential in career choice. By knowing the talent, one can assess his abilities and can adapt to environmental demands or offers of employment. Because intelligence tests are not designed to unveil a special ability, talent was not immediately known through intelligence tests. Tool used to reveal the specific capability is referred to as an aptitude test.

Meaning of work

2011-12-12T18:27:00.000-08:00

One of the duties of man as God's creatures is working. Humans need to work for a living, for the fulfillment of basic needs of life for themselves and their families. In addition, work is also a reflection of human dignity. Human dignity in the work can be viewed from two angles, namely angle of social and spiritual or religious angle.

Viewed from the perspective of social work is an effort to achieve common prosperity, especially for the people closest to (families) and communities to maintain and develop the quality of life. Working in the light of spiritual or religious is an attempt to organize the world according to God's will. In this regard, work is a lifelong commitment to be accountable to God.

Work requires a work ethic, namely commitment, responsibility, and discipline to work. Work does not just mean working as an employee in a company. Entrepreneurship, of building a business, run it, or even hire someone else, is also a form of work. Give employment to others is a noble job.

Learning achievements and academic ability

2011-12-11T18:26:00.000-08:00

Achievement of learning achieved by students in school can be said as an expression of academic ability. These achievements realized in the value or quantitative figures obtained at the time of the exam.

In connection with the various activities associated with the measurement of learning achievement, since the beginning of a student had to familiarize themselves with the acquisition of learning achievement targets set. The preparation of this target has significance for every student because it helps students to plan, implement, and evaluate the efforts in achieving the desired learning achievement. Preparation of targets at the same time also an attempt to motivate themselves for the sake of desired achievement.

Preparation of targets associated with the possible options when resuming studies majors and career options. Learning achievements needs to be analyzed as an evaluation of academic abilities underlying success. Targets set should be realistic so as not to be a burden or just as a goal is like a dream. Instead, discuss your learning achievement with subject teachers, mentor teacher, and family or parents. You will get feedback to be more thoughtful and precise in determining future options.

Getting a dream job and achieve goals

2011-12-10T18:25:00.000-08:00

Getting a job in accordance with the ideals is a general answer of a student, when asked about why they go to school. The answer is very normal. Each person had to work for survival.

The higher one's education level, the higher the expectation to get better jobs, have higher incomes, have an established position, and appreciated by many people. That ideal expectation is legitimate course for someone serious in preparing him for it.

However, in real life we often encounter people who do not get a suitable job, although his education allow for this. Also not a few people with low education, even get successful life he dreamed of. Given this reality, it should be emphasized that the most fundamental of this fact is the tireless effort, able to take advantage of opportunities, and of course luck.

Field of work

2011-12-09T18:24:00.000-08:00

As a student, you must understand that the community development, improvement of family life, and self-improvement, and improving the quality of life will be done when communities are able to meet their own needs. It can be reached if available of adequate employment opportunities for as many community members. If expectations are not realized, there will be unemployment in the community, so that our nation become less productive. In such circumstances, it would appear economic problems, crime, law, to politics. Order and security to be disturbed.

But, now looking for a job is not an easy problem. The number of jobs is often not worth the labor force who want to enter it. At the moment it takes real effort to reduce unemployment. Entrepreneurship is the most effective solution. Entrepreneurial creating investment which can help overcome unemployment.

In addressing the problem of unemployment, labor-intensive effort, one that uses a lot of human labor, would be more effective than capital-intensive businesses (using many machines). Entrepreneurship is not necessary only in areas that have a high-tech industry. Actual employment can be created by anyone who dared to take the risk of business, creative, and never give up.

Definition of curriculum

2011-12-08T18:24:00.000-08:00

Curriculum can be defined as a set of plans and arrangements concerning the purpose, content, and teaching materials and methods used to guide the implementation of learning activities to achieve specific educational goals.

Some understanding of the basic concepts of the curriculum, among others, are as follows:
a. Competency-based education aims to prepare graduates who master a set of competencies that are beneficial to life.
b. Competence is the knowledge, skills, and values that are reflected in the habit of thinking and acting.
c. Competency standard is a statement about the competencies that must be mastered by students in learning a subject.
d. Basic competencies are the minimum competencies that include knowledge (cognitive), skills (psychomotor), attitudes and values (affective) that must be achieved by students in specific parts of a subject.
e. Curriculum policies are a set of plans and arrangements on a standardized competency and delivery means adapted to circumstances and the ability of local or school.

Variety of language

2011-12-07T08:01:00.000-08:00

a. Variety of oral
Characteristics:
- variety of oral language expressed by sound media
- variety of oral language is relatively shorter than the variety of written language because the speakers face to face with the opponent he said. In addition, the diversity of languages spoken conversation situation is clear, except for diversity of languages spoken by phone (long distance oral variety)

b. Variety of written language
Characteristics:
- variety of written language is expressed by the writing media
- variety of written language more complete than the diversity of languages spoken by the writer not to meet directly with the communication opponent. Therefore, he must give explanation about situations that he communicate.

Theory of Capital Interest

2011-12-06T08:00:00.000-08:00

According J.B. Say (Theory of Productivity), capital interest is a cons of achievement because the capital can produce a product or goods.
According to the Nassau W. Senior (Theory of abstinence / savings), capital interest is the fringe benefits to its owner because he had to save money (not to consume) to form the capital.
According to Von Bohn Bawerk (Agio Theory / Time Preference), capital interest based on value for money. Value of money would always come down. So the capital interest is intended for the returned value for money remains the same as at the time value of money lent.
According J.M. Keynes (Liquidity Theory), capital interest represents fringe benefits because their owners had to sacrifice liquidity (the ability to make payments).

Regional gross domestic product (GDP)

2011-12-05T07:59:00.000-08:00

Regional gross domestic product is generated by the production of a society within a year in the area or specific region. Regional gross domestic product (GDP) as one economic indicator that includes a variety of economic instruments in it clearly visible macro-economic situation of a region with economic growth, per capita income and various other instruments. Where the presence of such data would greatly assist policy makers in the planning and evaluation so that development is not misdirected. GDP numbers are needed and should be presented, because in addition can be used as an ingredient analysis of development planning is also a barometer to measure the development outcomes that have been implemented.

Private-owned Enterprises

2011-12-04T07:58:00.000-08:00

Special feature of private enterprise are as follows:
1. Private-owned Enterprises main goal is solely for profit.
2. source of capital comes from deposits of individuals or group of people in large numbers.
3. managers or directors elected by the general meeting of shareholders in a professional manner.
4. supreme power is in the GMS.
5. profit sharing based on the ratio of capital or paid-up stock.
6. scope of business and capital on a large scale.
7. status of employees governed by the regulations in their respective companies.

Paragraphs

2011-12-03T07:58:00.000-08:00

Paragraph are pouring an idea of the author through a collection of sentences or sentences that related to one another and have only one topic or theme.

Characteristics or conditions of paragraphs
A discrete of paragraphs including the following:
1. unity, meaning that each paragraph is only talking about one topic or subject.
2. coherence, meaning that any sentence within the paragraph relating to one another.

Elements of paragraphs
These paragraphs elements are the following:
1. topic = theme = main idea = core idea = core issues = subject = subject matter.
2. The main sentence = topic sentence = the core sentence of a paragraph (usually there is topic or main idea).
3. explanatory sentence = sentence describing the main sentence.
4. title = head of the essay.
Terms of headings: a. Provocative = sensational = interesting = "stimulate"
b. multiword
c. relevant
d. logical
e. specific
5. punctuation.

Money Can not Buy Fun

2011-12-02T07:57:00.000-08:00

Some say money is not everything, but everything needs money. Which agrees with the opinion it might have to think twice if you see the results of a survey conducted in Germany. According to research reported by AFP, the German man who surveyed only 13% which is really the pursuit of wealth because they can bring pleasure. While the women even only 6% are agreed.

Uniquely, the survey also included the unemployed, when asked for the opinion of the unemployed, only 10% of the agreed money brings happiness.

Most, of the questions asked in the survey said that the rich and have money is not the purpose of life. What is important, for they are living quite in accordance with the needs of each. What about you?

Micro Agency

2011-12-01T07:55:00.000-08:00

Micro Agency (peroxisomes and glioksisom) contain an enzyme which is the venue for the oxidation process. Micro Agency contain crystals protein and endoplasmic reticulum that are always closely linked. Peroxisomes present in animal cells or plant cells. Peroxisome-containing catalysts. There are six catalyst that acts as a catalyst in hydrogen decipher.

Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of oxidation of cells and have toxic or poisonous nature. Oxidation plays a role in metabolic processes that produce peroksin and into the water. Peroxisomes in animals is widely available in the liver and kidney cells, whereas in plants located in various cells. Glioksisom is only found in plant cells, for example in the aleurone grains. Aleurone cells is only found in proteins or crystals contained in the vacuole.

Expertise factors of production or skill

2011-11-30T07:55:00.000-08:00

Another important factor of production role in the production process is the expertise or skill or management capability. This management is in the organization's efforts to obtain profits as much as possible. These efforts include human activities in managing natural resources, manpower and capital factors so as to enhance human welfare.

Of course an expert is supposed to have high ability and knowledge, courage, responsiveness in solving his problems, such as machine technicians and scientists.

10 Etiquette Basics: How does your child is always well

2011-11-03T10:10:00.000-07:00

Kindness, thoughtfulness and helpfulness are the key features that make your child is everywhere a welcome guest. Look at the early stage of your child's manners. Because the inappropriate behavior of your little one falls on you and your bad upbringing back. This etiquette basics should dominate your children.
First Friendly greetingsYour child is invited to the front door opens and your offspring hatched at the host-mom over to the house, without deigning to look at ... For many three-and four-year-old is still quite normal. However, you should already begin to make your child aware of the correct behavior. Think of it but not just against other adults, each time by saying "Now tell beautiful, 'Hello!'" For shy children, you can achieve just the opposite. Better: Tell your child previously in private, that welcomes you to nunmal when you meet and that other people enjoy a nice "hello" or "good day".
Educational tips from Michelle Obama: First Lady of the United States speaks from personal experience
If it does not work, do not scold you, but you are setting a good example. Your child will be guided by you. Who at the welcoming smiles and friendly still, the sympathies immediately on his side. School children should be taught in addition, they greet neighbors and other acquaintances of the family, they meet on the street - as a first! A big plus point in terms of politeness have children, another welcome by name: A "Good morning, Mrs. Bauer" can radiate the lady in question certainly happy!
Second Look into the eyesWhether it's yours or in conversation: Children should learn early on that they look your interlocutor in the eye. This is not only much more polite, so that you avoid even that the other person does not feel addressed and there will be misunderstandings.
Third Polite to thankAnyone who receives a gift, whom juice is poured, or who gets the plate of food left outside should promptly say "thank you". When a birthday gift will be sent by mail, you must move as a parent to your child that it was on the phone or send a letter thanking a picture or as a thank you. School children can also teach you to respect other people's feelings: "Aunt Trudi's sad when you say again that you do not like her gift."
4th Appropriate to apologizeTime is short, your child goes to school bus and it jostles to the neighbor. A mumbled "Sorry" does not sound good now, better. Stop short and say loud and clear "I'm sorry!" So much time must be!
Stressful homework: A learning coach provides tips for more fun on duty daily program
5th Have manners at the tableBefore washing hands, starting out with the meal, when all seated, with cutlery handle, will not remain in the food rummatschen, sitting upright, sitting elbow to take off the table, not to talk with your mouth full and until all have eaten. Anyone who manages to teach his children good table manners is, at every family gathering in the restaurant and even a welcome guest.
6th Be punctualIf you explain to your child right now that it's rude to leave on someone, it is also beneficial to you: You have less stress if you are with your son or daughter together have deadlines. In addition, children who have not learned is to be on time, often not even aware that friends, football coaches or later resent the first love of her to-late-coming. Again, the model of the parents is crucial. Let your child never even wait and stick to agreed times.
7th Adults can expressFrom five years of age should children know slowly that you can pronounce adults. Whether mom or dad is still the phone with Grandma maintains - children need to learn, not simply go out to chat, if something comes to mind.
8th Help with the cleanupWhat a nice feeling when you pick up your daughter from a friend and her mother praising your child: "That was a nice time visiting". This praise is not without reason. Sure your daughter has cleared the table in front of or even helped pick up without a murmur while cleaning up the nursery. Parents who care at home every day that help your kids can be sure: My child is a welcome guest!
9th Lent returnChildren love toys and others want to borrow something constantly. Hence mothers to have no problem, you should make sure that your child is unharmed, the appointed time on loan to complete and bring back again. Then may the Playmobil knight's sword and not missing or when the Crown Princess Barbie. Also look in your own four walls that common elements such as glue or scissors after use will be put back onto the fixed space back.
10th Helpfully beEven kindergarten children can learn to take care of minor children in the group and help them if necessary. They usually use this on the suggestion of adults: "Look Paul creates, which is now not only can you help him sometimes." Children feel great and important, if they can help. This is a good foundation, so they take their children to school as fellow human beings into consideration, eg older people in the bus offer the course or hold the door open.

Money demand and the factors influencing

2011-10-19T08:55:00.000-07:00

Demand for money is a certain amount of money needed by the public to conduct transactions in trade or for a particular purpose.
Demand for money came from third parties, namely:
a. Of the individuals or consumers
b. The employer or the manufacturer
c. The investor or investors
d. The government (can act as producers, consumers, and regulators).

In the analysis of JM Keynes, the people holding money or request money, to fulfill three wishes, namely:
a. Demand for money for transaction purposes, which means money needed to pay for purchases they would do.
b. Demand for money for the purpose of precaution, it means money as a tool to deal with distress that may arise in the future, because every one can not expect to events that may be applicable in the future.
c. Demand money for speculative purposes, meaning that money used for speculation (speculative). Cash is desired to hold this money because the holder can perform speculation on interest rates to come.

Factors that influence the demand for money are:
a. The desire to hold money or motive of holding money.
b. Level of real income, ie income levels actually received by the community and has accounted for inflation element.
c. Higher interest rates low.
d. The existence of an investment or business development that require funds or money.
e. The price level prevailing in the market.

Definition of money according to economists

2011-10-18T08:54:00.000-07:00

Money can be a favorite thing in this day and age. Then what is the meaning of money? There are some economists who define about money, is as follows:
a. Robertson, money is something that is common (widely) accepted for payment of goods.
b. Gaelord Albert Hart, money is the property that the owner can be paid to a number of people immediately and without delay.
c. Rollin G Thomas, money is something that is prepared and accepted by the general public in the payment of the sale of goods, services, and property value as well as for payment of debts.
d. George N Halm, money is a tool to facilitate the exchange and immediately be able to overcome the difficulties of barter.

From the above definition, it can be concluded about the meaning of money, which is a tool to facilitate the exchange, which is generally accepted in the form of purchases of goods or services and for payment of debts.
Exchange tool that can be referred to as money, should have the following requirements:
a. Favored or accepted by the public.
b. Easily stored and transferable.
c. Durable and is not quickly broken.
d. Can be divided and does not reduce its value.
e. Having a stable value or fixed.
f. The numbers make ends meet.

How Search Engines Work

2011-09-06T12:33:00.001-07:00

Unlike humans, search engines are text-driven. Although technology advances rapidly, search engines are far from intelligent creatures who can feel the beauty of design blogs. Instead, search engines crawl the web, look at a particular site items (mainly text) to get the contents of each site. This brief explanation is not the most appropriate because, as we will see next, search engines perform several activities in order to deliver search results - crawling, indexing, processing, calculating relevancy, and take.
First, search engines crawl the web to see what is there. This task is performed by some of the software, called a crawler or a spider (or Googlebot, as is the case with Google). Spiders follow links from one page to another, it is impossible for the spiders to visit the site every day just to see if a new page has appeared or if there is a page that has been modified. Sometimes crawlers will not visit your site for a month or two, so far your SEO efforts will not dihargai.Pada sperti this moment, we can only wait.
Once the page is crawled, the next step is to index the contents. Indexed pages are stored in a giant database, which will one day in tampilkan.jika you help them to optimize it, it will be easier for them to classify your pages correctly and to get a higher ranking.
When it comes the search query, the search engine process - ie, comparing the search string in the search query with the indexed pages in the database. Because there is a possibility that more than one page (practically it is millions of pages) containing the search string, the search engine starts calculating the relevance of each page in a searchable index for strings.
There are various algorithms to calculate relevancy. Each algorithm has different relative weights for common factors like keyword density, link, or metatags. That is why different search engines deliver search results pages for the same string but different results. Moreover note that all the major search engines, like Yahoo, Google, MSN, etc. periodically change their algorithms, and if you want to remain at the top, you also need to customize your pages to the latest changes.

Mental confusion

2011-09-03T20:23:00.000-07:00

Agony in the science of psychology known as mental confusion. The symptoms start for someone who experienced mental confusion are:
a. Visible on the body that often feel dizzy, shortness of breath, fever, aches, the stomach.
b. Appears on the mental state with anxiety, fear, heartbreak, apathy, jealousy, irritability.
Stages of psychiatric disorders are:
a. Psychiatric disorders seen in the symptoms of the sufferer's life both physical and spiritual.
b. Attempt to defend themselves with negative way, ie back or run away, so one way to survive himself.
c. Confusion is the point of fracture (mental breakdown) and related disorders.

Causes of mental confusion, can be mentioned among many others:
a. A weak personality
b. Cultural social conflict
c. How to inner maturation
There are many people with mental confusion in an environment such as:
1. Major cities
2. Young people
3. Woman
4. People who are not religious
5. People who are too pursue the material
Suffering and torment experienced by humans is indeed a heavy burden, so that the world is really a hell of his life. That's why they too suffer and feel despair, then take a "shortcut" to suicide.

Type Taxable Persons at Risk of Sexual Desire Disorder

2011-09-02T13:36:00.000-07:00

Some people sometimes do not wish to have sex. But if these conditions persist then it could be suspected of experiencing hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Who's at risk?

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is the lack of sexual desire disorder continuously over a period of time. People with this disorder have absolutely no inclination towards sexual activity, even tend to reject all the stimulation provided.

HSDD is more often found in women compared with men is about 2 times as much. Women with HSDD will experience very stressful and difficult to engage in sex.

Generally, doctors will diagnose a person with HSDD if there were no mental or physical health problems that contribute to lower sexual desire.

The following are people who are at risk of HSDD, as quoted from Lifemojo, Friday (9/2/2011), namely:

1. Having an unhappy relationship with a partner
This relationship will create a continuous conflict that can affect sexual desire, over time will make it become lost sexual desire. Moreover, communication is a very important factor in creating a harmonious sexual relationship.

2. Lifestyle
Women are required to do a lot of work (multitasking) so it has a big responsibility. Lifestyles such as this would make a person tired and stressed that the tip will reduce sexual desire.

3. A disturbance at the time of puberty
Till now not known what causes it, but a disturbance at puberty can cause a person to experience HSDD earlier that made him experience a lifetime of apathy towards sex.

4. Low-level depression that often goes undiagnosed
Women very often suffer from low depression known as dysthymia. This condition is often unrecognized and undiagnosed because it still makes a person able to work well. But one clear effect seen was loss of sexual desire.

5. Women will experience menopause
Menopause will make the production of the hormone estrogen, progesterone and testosterone decreases the impact on low sex drive, so that one of the signs of impending menopause is the loss of sexual desire.

Experienced HSDD should be handled properly so as not to damage the relationship. Treatment for HSDD can be successful if it involves both partners, such as improving communication or conduct with a given hormone therapy hormone testosterone. As for HSDD a lifetime is much more difficult to treat.

Term of industry

2011-07-22T18:27:00.000-07:00

Definition of industry
Industry is a company that makes or produces goods that have reached a high level of civilization.

Examples of terms in the field of industry:
- Engineering: the application of the rules of science in the implementation of development
- Industrialisation: efforts to promote the industry in a country
- Assembly: arrange and combine the parts such as cars or boats to function properly
- Diversification: diversifying business to avoid dependence on one product or service

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Term of agriculture

2011-07-22T08:26:00.000-07:00

Definition of agriculture
Agriculture is all that concerned with the plants.

Examples of terms in the field of agriculture:
- Land, the land is cultivated or open land
- Weeds, is a grass plant which is a nuisance countrymen for the life of the main plant
- Dwarf, is soon to bear fruit (about the rice, coconut, fruits, etc.)
- Agro-industry, industry that is in the field of agriculture
- Horticulture, was ins and outs of the activity or art of farming, vegetables, fruit, or ornamental plants

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Mathematical terms

2011-07-21T18:24:00.000-07:00

Definition of math
Mathematics is the science of numbers, relationships among numbers and operational procedures used in solving the problem of numbers.

Examples of terms in the field of mathematics:
- Symmetrical, was similar between the two parts
- odd numbers, fractions are written with numbers folds tithing
- High Line, is a line perpendicular to the triangle drawn from the point of peak to baseline
- Board of parallelogram, is rectangular and the sides facing each other parallel

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Form of social structure

2011-07-21T08:24:00.000-07:00

According to Peter M. Blau, forms of social structure consists of the following two points:
a. Intersected social structure. Membership in social groups that exist is an intersection (crossing). That is, membership in social groups that have a backdrop of race, ethnicity, or religion are different.
b. Consolidated social structure. A process of strengthening the identity of membership in a social group or society so that social group eventually evolved into the container of the individuals who have a background of racial, ethnic, and religious alike.

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Value of money

2011-06-30T06:21:00.000-07:00

The value of money is divided into two, namely:
a. viewed from the origin:
1. nominal value, ie value based on the text contained in the money.
2. intrinsic value, value that is based on the materials used to make money.

b. seen from its measure:
1. internal value, ie value for money as measured by the ability to get some goods and services.
2. external value, ie value for money as measured by the amount of foreign currency (exchange rate).

The term of social science

2011-06-29T06:20:00.001-07:00

Understanding social science
Social science is science which is a blend of a number of social subjects.

Examples of terms in the field of social science:
- Sector, is a business environment
- Spectacular, is to draw attention
- Recession, is downturn in commercial activity
- Embargoes, is to ban interstate traffic
- Acculturation, is adjustment with a new culture

Management principles

2011-06-26T05:20:00.000-07:00

The only writer who discusses the principles of management is Henry Fayol. According to him, there are 14 principles of management that need to be applied in the execution of tasks, but is flexible, meaning not to be applied at once, but adapted to the situation. Fourteen principles are as follows:

a. The division of labor. On each business entity where there are a number of activities to achieve a certain aim, then among those people there must be division of labor. Each person must be clear what to do.
b. The powers and responsibilities. Every official in something specific business entity shall have power / authority and responsibility.
c. Discipline. In any agency there must be discipline, that is something that became the basis for the agency force.
d. Unity of command. Namely that an employee receives orders from one superior only.
e. Unity of direction. That the purpose of each unit, and the purpose of something a business entity as a whole must not conflict with one another.
f. The interests of individuals must be under the public interest.
g. Payment of fair wages.
h. Centrality or centralization. There are various kinds of authority should be centralized, on the contrary there are various kinds of authority that can be divided or delegated to certain officials.
i. Lines of authority. With this principle meant that the line of authority within an organization must be clear.
j. Discipline. There must be order either in terms of material and in terms of people.
k. Justice. For each subordinate loyal to his superiors, then each employer must practice justice which gives to each person what they are entitled. In a general sense, justice means the application of noble values that contain the obligation of everyone to work together for the welfare of the organization.
l. Stability employees. Do not be too frequent turnover, either due to displacement or because of dismissal.
m. Initiative. To each person should be given the opportunity to express or to run the initiative, both about how to work, work procedures, or run the new plans in the implementation of its works.
n. Mental unity. On the chest of each officer must be embedded soul unity or loyalty to the group. Loyalty to the group is one important aspect to the emergence of cooperation in a number of people to achieve common goals. Becomes the duty of every leader to foster unity of spirit on the chest of each subordinate.

Understanding supply

2011-06-19T05:04:00.000-07:00

Supply is the entire amount of certain goods to be sold by producers at various prices within a certain period of time and place, ceteris paribus condition. Why do have any supply of goods? Because the goods are of rare and required by humans. Thus, scarcity is the main factor causing the supply of goods.

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Property law

2011-06-15T04:57:00.000-07:00

Property law is the legal rules governing human rights and liabilities worth the money. Set the object property laws and rights can have on the body. The meaning of objects is all the goods and rights that can be owned by people or as objects of property rights.

Civil law (private)

2011-06-14T04:56:00.001-07:00

Civil synonymous with citizens, private, civil, or private. Civil law is the law pertaining to the interests of individuals. Principal source of civil law is Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW), which in the broad sense also includes commercial law and customary law.

Tips for Overcoming Child Lazy Learning

2011-05-30T12:10:00.000-07:00

Several days ago I had a discussion with my friend, first he tells about his younger brother who lazy to study but soon he will face final exams elementary school graduation. Sebuat just called "Ardi", Ardi This includes children who can not learn well or are lazy, even if he learned it was just to avoid nagging and ibunyan brother who always told him to learn, and predictable for him in the study conducted was only pretending to study or learn poorly, the school was just a routine day that just passed away, just to obey parents.
What happens to Ardi actually the more experienced school-age children in our society. Countless more parents who complain and was disappointed with his son the value of the sag (bad) because of his lazy learning, and vice versa is not uncommon to find children who we also cranky or crying because always told to learn. Some people know who scold their children, threaten the child for not going to buy this and that if the child does not learn, to compare her with other children, or even some parents who use violent means (tweaked, flicked, pinched, or hit) . Obviously all this will be very influential on students' physical and psychological. Then how is actually a way to cope with children who are lazy to learn? Still we need to hear a complaint-keluahn parents about their children who are lazy to learn? Should the child was cranky or crying because of her parents and ordered dimarahin-order to learn? To overcome these problems it is better if we first find the cause of prikalu lazy to learn, and then seek solutions to overcome them. Yes ma'am / sir ....? : D
Lazy learning in children psychologically is a manifestation of the weakening condition of mental, intellectual, physical, and psychic children. Lazy learning arise from several factors, to more easily divided into two major factors, namely: 1) intrinsic factors (inner child), and 2) extrinsic factors (external factors, children).
1. From the Inner Child (Intrinsic) Feeling lazy to learn that arise from within the child can be caused by lack or absence of self-motivation. The motivation of this possibility has not grown because children do not know the benefits of learning whether or not I have something to accomplish. In addition, fatigue in the move can result in decreased physical strength and mental slowing. For example, too old to play, too many of these lessons and tutoring that, too many extracurricular follow this and that, or help work at home parents, the factor that causes the decrease of physical strength in children. Another example, is too old to cry, get angry (cranky), it affects the child's psychological condition.
2. From Foreign Subsidiaries (Extrinsic) Factors from outside the child is no less great influence on the child's condition to become lazy learning. This happens because:
a. Parent Attitudes The attitude of parents who do not give attention to learning or vice versa too much attention, could cause the child to lazy learning. Not enough there, many parents in our society that requires children to learn just for the sake of numbers (values) and not teach our children will be awareness and responsibility of children to learn as a student. As a result of the claims were not little children that stress and often angry (cranky) so that the values he managed to earn less than satisfactory. Worse yet, not infrequently the parents who get angry and denounced his son when the child gets the value kuang satisfactory. According to psychology experts, elementary school age children actually janga too diorentasikan on the value (study result), but how to accustom themselves to learn, practice responsibility, and practice in a rule.
b. Teacher Attitudes Teacher as a role model or a figure who often interact with children and proud of them, but not infrequently the attitude of teachers at school also became the object of complaints of their students. There are many different causes, ranging from lack of teachers in teaching, not master the lessons will be taught, or because it was too much to give assignments and homework. In addition, the attitude is often late to class on time teaching, joking with certain students or to bring the problem home to school, create an atmosphere of learning even more uncomfortable, tense and frightening for a particular student.
c. Attitude's Enter a child interacts with his friends at school, of course, direct the child can pay attention to each other, attitude, school supplies, clothing and accessories, other accessories. But unfortunately not all friends at school have a good attitude or behavior with other friends. A friend of excessive wear in the gear or equipment school learning, such as branded shoes that are not covered by other friends, including school bags and stationery or bicycles and other toys, indirectly to the envy of friends who are less fortunate. In the end there is a child who demanded to ask their parents to buy school supplies that are similar to his friend. When not obeyed then the lazy way learn as an attempt to be granted his petition.
d. The atmosphere Learning at Home Not a guarantee of luxury and stately homes make children become diligent study, nor a very simple house became an absolute factor lazy children learn. The house can not create a good learning atmosphere is a house that was always full of noise, the mess the state house or the condition of the stuffy air. In addition, the availability of facilities that excessive game at home also can disrupt children's learning interests. Starting from the radio using a cassette tape, CD, VCD, or computer that is programmed for a game (games), such as Game Boy, Game Watch and Play Stations. Conditions like this has great potential for not creating a good learning atmosphere.
e. Learning Facilities Learning tool is an absolute media that can support learning interest, shortage or lack the means to learn directly has created the conditions of children for lazy learning. Constraints learning usually occurs because of the unavailability of specific classrooms, desks, books supporting (mini-library), and good lighting. Also, do not tersediannya textbooks, exercise books, and other writing tools, is another part that tends to become automatic barriers children will lose interest in optimal learning.
Six ledge to overcome mals studied in children and assist parents in guiding and assisting children with problems in the study include:
1. Finding Information Parents should ask the child to obtain precise information about himself. Find the right circumstances to be able to communicate openly with him. After that invite children to reveal the cause he was lazy learning. Use each in a relaxed atmosphere such as helping the mother in the kitchen, take a walk or while playing, do not have formal which makes children can not open the problem itself.
2. Creating a joint agreement between parent and child. The deal was made to create the circumstances and responsibilities, and motivate children in learning rather than imposing the will of the parents. The deal was made starting from waking up until the time of going to sleep, both in terms of hours learning routines, learning time, time to learn if there is homework or not, hours of study in school holiday time, what if the study result is good or bad, reward or sanction what must be accepted and so forth. Even if there are penalties that must be made or agreed upon, let the child determine this as evidence of its responsibility towards something that will be mutually agreed.
3. Creating the Discipline. Is not an easy thing to create a discipline to the child if not started from the parents. Parents who are used to show discipline in daily life will be easily followed by his son. Parents can create discipline in the study carried out consistently and continuously. Exercise self-discipline can be started from preparing learning tools, textbooks, reminding the duties of school, asking teaching materials that have been learned, or ask the difficulties encountered in a particular subject, regardless of whether or not a school assignment.
4. Enforcing Discipline. Enforcing discipline must be done when the child begins to leave the agreements that have been agreed. Whenever a child commits an offense as far as possible avoid the sanction of a physical (tweaked, flicked, pinched, or hit). To divert them use logical consequences that can be received by the child's mind. When you can do activities together in one room while kids learn, parents can be while reading a newspaper, magazine, or other activity that does not interfere with the child in the space. Thus enforcing discipline in children is not always with the order or screaming while the parents carry out other activities such as watching television or busy in the kitchen.
5. Assertiveness Attitude Assertiveness attitudes conducted by the parents no longer tolerate the violations of the child was doing repeatedly. Assertiveness attitude while the child bears absolutely refused and argued with made-up excuse. Even with the child accidentally apply 'dishonest' conduct other activities on purpose to pass hours studying. Assertiveness attitude that is needed is to provide sanctions that have been agreed and is ready to accept the consequences of the offense.
6. Creating a Learning Atmosphere Creating a good learning atmosphere and comfortable is the responsibility of parents. At least the parents meet the needs of a means of learning, paying attention to how to instruct and assist children while learning. As an interlude parents can also provide educational games for learning atmosphere is not tense and still attract attention.
Apparently lazy learning experienced by children are caused by various factors. Therefore, before the child's already got an unsatisfactory and an embarrassment to parents, parents should immediately investigate and pay attention to children's learning interests. In addition, foster self-learning initiative on children, instill awareness and responsibility as a student in children is another long-term benefit. If these six steps can be applied to children, then it should not adalagi complaints from parents about their children who are lazy to study or a cranky child always being scolded by his parents.

Metamorphosis "From Nothing, To Be Something"

2011-05-29T12:02:00.000-07:00

A new beautiful butterflies can fly with a beautiful after going through a struggle that is quite heavy and carried out in earnest in a remarkable metamorphosis. Starting from the caterpillar, chrysalis and caterpillars slowly bend over backwards out of the small hole. Melaluai small hole, the wings of butterflies started flying perfect. He can fly and gain freedom. Without realizing it, the caterpillar has become a beautiful butterfly as its color.
Like the butterfly, humans are not just follow the existing life cycle. That is, people should be able to take a good point in a life to change towards the better. In metamorphosis, the people were given freedom by God to choose. Whether humans will choose to become fujur (sinner) or become pious. Bones have been pushed to the humans to clean up his soul to prosper in duina and in the hereafter. In this life so many choices, if we want to acquire or to be pious, then we must be smart to take advantage of the potential that diberikah God to us.
The journey of human life from the mid-teens to step on the end of adolescence is a gateway to adulthood. At this time the man trained to be strong and tough person, whether it memalui formal education (BC-PT) or other non-formal education memlaui. In addition to academic activities, other nonakademik kegiantan also help shape the character of a mature, adult and ready to face life's challenges. Not only do the rah-rah enjoy youth. Teen expected to take advantage of her youth by following the activities useful. Make youth are being undertaken could mean for themselves and to others, so that we become to be something. We must realize that the process we are living is a process of metamorphosis. Patience and caution is needed in this process.
To be a human being (insanul kamil), we must prepare to deal with planning in the lives of tomorrow. If there is a late adolescent who still went along (not yet able to determine the attitude) face the struggle of a world so free, I would say that teen tersebuat failed memalui metamorphosis process. Metamorphosis is not just a word, take action and strong motivation to get through. Need the stages of an uphill battle that he has sufficient quality.
In her late teens, men are free to determine the attitude, but that does not mean freely without any rules. There must be rules that must be met. There are some things that need to be realized by people who are doing metamorphosis:
1. Life Goal Setting As Maluk God's creation we should realize the purpose of life being lived. Mendapakan happiness of the world and the hereafter, and obtain his blessing is the desire of every human being. Where the intended direction must be clear. Can we analogy that straight path is the path nearest to gain happiness and perfection. So clearly, that God is the ultimate goal of every human being.
2. Find Path To achieve the intended purpose in life, we must mengetahuai memalui what we menjalaninnya. Humans should prepare a tool to help kesuksesaan a chill. Environment does not force us to be like anything and be anything. We alone will determine who we are. In addition to friends who can help find a way, personally, we must strive through metamorphic stages independently and with prudence, so that optimal results can be expected. Start berazam trying to change himself into a beautiful butterfly who loved many people, finding his way diridhoi to implement the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of His Messenger.
3. Charity Doing charity by optimizing all of its potential as human beings created by God, so that we can become something to be expected since the beginning. Deeds are done does not necessarily make us great human beings, there are stages that must be passed. Step by step on the path full of twists. By optimizing the potential that exists, it will create a completely personal. Humans should not allow himself to fall to disgrace, he always equip themselves with supelmen ilahiyyah (divinity), which caused him to reach a blessed life. With the motto "I thought, I think, therefore I can". Rest assured, that he would be a human being without having to be swayed by the current.
Being activists will help train us to deal with failures in life, experience by experience can be found in it. The process of education both formal and non-formant sanggat help shape the character. Anyone who is experiencing process of metamorphosis with the students hendaknnya manjadi utilize his time with optimmmal. Use the opportunity of this study as well as active in the organization. Because the active organized can train us to become an adult human. Adult Personals a successful memalui metamorphic process must realize there is wisdom behind sebauh process, he does not regret having passed such a complicated process nan tiring. But instead, he became the individual who does not easily surrender to face trial as complicated as any. Butterflies are beautiful and wonderful it certainly will try to be to be something.

Being a Person Who Changed Extraordinary

2011-05-28T11:59:00.000-07:00

Changed ... ..! You are fond of or have been avid cartoon Ultraman certainly familiar with these slogans. Yep ...! Change is a transformation from a state to the other conditions.
Like Ultraman as a change from normal human figure becomes 'Super Hero' extraordinary, we should also be changed from an ordinary person into extraordinary personal. This will bring up the question, how the hell so that we can turn into extraordinary ...? Before we discuss the answer, we should look first piece follows the story of life.
Once upon a time there was a brick that now she was very ready to set up and become one element of a building. Previously, it was really very heavy phase which must be passed. He was adopted from the womb of his mother, good-quality clay through a rigorous selection of the brick craftsman. Diproseslah Then he, with a process that may be very painful. On being trampled, beaten-o'clock, drenched with water, dicukil stone embedded gravels also other impurities. After that, then he can be printed after previously tested for their feasibility to be printed. Suffering is not yet complete, after printing, the next phase have been waiting for that he should be dried in the sun, wrestle with the hot sun to dry. Not only there seems to phase him go, after he had burned dry now ..! Well now she has become a real brick that is ready to be useful for other creatures. He is ready to become a solid element of the building.
Brothers, from the earlier story about what lessons can we mabil? True, in metamorphosed will many stages of life we've been through. All should be ready with all possible terbuaruk and painful of the phases that we will go through in order to achieve change for the better.
So how so we can get through these phases were successfully and achieve the best results? The key is, we must know and understand about the science is right, then we should diligently study and practice with the patient, and a lot ask Him.
Dear friends, change is a cycle that we must jalanai in this life, one thing we must note and jalanai together is that we should go through this life cycle by leading to a better direction for us including those who are lucky, as was the Prophet Muhammad sabdakan lucky that the person is a person who today is better than yesterday, continues today when people are the same as yesterday he dalah the losers, while today worse than yesterday so he is people who get hurt.

Human Development Theory

2011-05-27T11:55:00.000-07:00

In the discussion of the soul (anima) is known that human beings have perfection than others. Man in life-changing physical and psychological changes (physiological and psychological). Many factors that determine human development, which resulted in various theories about human development. The theories are as follows:
1. The theory of nativism The pioneers of this theory is Athur Schopenhauer. This theory states that human development is influenced by nativus or innate human factors since birth. This theory asserts that humans have certain properties since birth that influence and determine the state of the individuals concerned. Environmental and educational factors are ignored and it is said has no effect on human development.
This theory has a view as if human nature can not be changed because it has been determined by the properties of their derivatives. When the descendants of both it will be good and when the descendants of evil it becomes evil. So human nature is permanent can not be changed. This theory views education as a pessimistic and discredit human groups who "happened" to have offspring that are not good.
2. The theory of empiricism In contrast to previous theories, this theory considers that the individual development is influenced and determined by the experiences gained during the development from birth to adulthood. This theory considers that the experience is to include education and association. The explanation of this theory is the human being is basically a white paper that there is no color and the writing will be what the human future depends on what will be written. More optimistic view of this theory to education, even education adalh including menenukan important factor for human development. This theory dipolopori by John Locke.
3. Convergence Theory This theory is a combination of both theories on the nature and experience of states that have a role in influencing and determining individual development. The assumption of this theory based on experiments of William Stern of the two twins. Twins have the same properties of descent, but after being separated in different environments these twins turned out to have different properties. From this it is concluded that the theory of heredity or innate nature is not the major factors that determine individual development but also contribute seconded by environmental factors.
Factor in the theory of human nature is referred to as endogenous factors, including factors such kejasmanian white, curly hair, black hair. In addition there is also a factor kejasmanian factors innate psychological factor called temperament. Temperament is different to the character or disposition. Character or character is the entire epidermis of human nature that namapak in everyday behavior as a result of the nature and environment and are not constant. If a character or characters are not constant then the temperament to be constant. In addition to temperament and physical properties, other endogenous factors that exist in human beings is the talent factor (aptitude). Aptitude is the potential that allows individuals to grow in one direction.
For environmental factors referred to in this theory is referred to as exogenous factors that come from factors outside the human form of experience, environment, education and so on are popularly referred to as milieu. The difference between the educational environment is located on the active processes running. When the environment is passive does not force depends on the individual whether to use the opportunities and benefits that exist or not. While education is an active and systematic and run full consciousness.

What Is development?

2011-05-26T11:48:00.000-07:00

If I've written previously about the theory of human development, but have not had time to write about the meaning and definition of these developments. So in this opportunity, it's good that I'll parse a little bit about what is actually meant by these developments? Because my view is also necessary for us to know. Lets start our lesson ....
Describe the development of human growth throughout his life, from the day she was born till he died. The study of human development aims to understand and explain how and why humans changed / developed during his lifetime. Who becomes the object of study related to all aspects of human development, covering aspects of psychological, emotional, intellectual, social, and personality development.
It is important to study human development not only on physiological and psychological aspects, but also the realm of sociological, educational, and health. Since the development includes not only physical and psychological aspects alone, but also about the cognitive and social domains. Learn about human development is very important in several subjects of study, including biology, anthropology, sociology, education, history, and psychology. Meskipuin other study subjects is also important. By better understanding how and why human beings change and grow, then we can apply that knowledge to help people in his life for the potential that he has developed with the maximum.

Juvenile Delinquency

2011-05-25T11:43:00.000-07:00

There was a mother who lives in Jakarta told me that since the rampant cases of student brawl in Jakarta, he took the initiative to deliver and pick up his son who was in high school, a habit he'd never done before. How not horrified, if students are not part of it, too, was attacked?
Why students are so often brawl, as if they already do not have common sense, and could not think where that is useful and what is not? Why too many teenagers who do drugs and free sex? What is wrong of all this?
As already reviewed in another article on this site, youth are those aged between 12-21 years. Teens will experience a period of physical and psychological development as follows:

    Pre-pubertal period (12-13 years)

    Puberty (14-16 years)

    Period end of puberty (17-18 years)

    And adolescent period Adolesen (19-21 years)
The pre-pubertal (12-13 years)
This period is also called the pueral, namely the transition from childhood to adolescence. In girls, this period is shorter than the boys. At this time, great changes occur in adolescents, the increase in sexual hormones and began development of sexual organs as well as adolescent reproductive organs. In addition, the very rapid development of intellect jga occur in this phase. As a result, these adolescents tend to be critical about (because he felt knowing everything), which is often manifested in the form of defiance or disproof of parents, adults began to like it deems good, and make it as a "hero" or hero. This behavior will be followed by mimicking everything done by his hero, like a haircut, style of speech, to worship the living habits.
In addition, at this time teenagers also tend to be more daring to express his heart's desire, more confident at expressing their opinions, even going to defend his opinions as strong as possible. This is often addressed by parents as insubordination. Teenagers do not want to be treated as a child again. They would rather hang out with groups it deems appropriate with pleasure. They are also more daring against the tradition of parents who considered antiquated and no / less useful, as well as the rules they think are unreasonable, such should not be stopped by another place after school, and so forth. They will increasingly lose interest to join the formal social groups, and tend to join with their friends choice. For example, they will choose to play to where her closest friends than with family visiting your home.
But at the same time, they also need help and assistance is always readily available from their parents, if they are not able to embody his desire. At this time is a critical moment. If parents are not able to meet the psychological needs to address the conflict at the time, teenagers will seek from others. Parents should remember, that the problems faced by adolescents, although for the old man is a trivial problem, but for teens it is a very, very heavy. Parents should not be thinking, "Geez ... that's the little things. The period you can not finish it? Stupid you are!", And so forth. But the attention as if parents understand that the problem was very serious for teens, will be recorded in the teen brain that her parents are way out ang best for him. It will be easier for parents to direct the development of psychic children.
Puberty (14-16 years)
This period is also called early adolescence, when physical development they are so prominent. Teenagers are very anxious about her physical development, as well as proud that it shows that he was not a child anymore. At this time, adolescents become very unstable emotional consequences of sexual hormones developments are so rapid. Strong sexual desire also began to emerge in this period. In young women is marked by the arrival of the first menstruation, whereas in adolescents pris marked by the arrival of the first wet dream. Teenagers will feel confused and ashamed of this, so parents should accompany and provide a good and true understanding of sexuality. If this fails to handle well, their psychological development, particularly in terms of the introduction of self / gender and sexuality will be disrupted. Cases of many gay and lesbian youth development begins with the failure at this point.
In addition, adolescents begin to understand about prestige, appearance, and sexual attraction. Because of the confusion they added emotional volatility due to the influence sexuality development, adolescent feelings difficult dive. Sometimes they are rude, sometimes soft. Sometimes dreamy, other times he was so cheerful. Adolescents in the social feeling is getting stronger, and they joined the group he liked and make the regulations in their own mind.
Period end of puberty (17-18 years)
At this time, adolescents are able to pass the previous period well, will be able to accept his nature, both as men and women. They are also proud because their bodies are considered to determine their self-esteem. This period was very short. In young women, this period lasts shorter than teenage boys, so that the maturation process of young girls achieved more quickly than male adolescents. Generally their physical maturity and sexuality have been achieved fully. But the psychological maturity has not been fully achieved.
Period Adolesen adolescents (19-21 years)
In this period, adolescents generally have reached the perfect ripeness, both in terms of physical, emotional, and psychological. They will learn various kinds of abstract things and started to fight for an idealism that obtained from their minds. They began to realize that criticizing it is easier than living it. Her attitude towards life started to look clear, like his ideals, interests, talents, and so forth. The direction of their lives and properties that stand out will be obvious in this phase.
Juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency is usually done by teens who failed to undergo the processes of development of his soul, both as a teenager and in his childhood. Childhood and adolescence lasts so briefly, with their physical, psychological, and emotional too quickly. Psychologically, juvenile delinquency is a manifestation of the conflicts are not resolved well on childhood and adolescent perpetrators. Often found that there was trauma in her past, harsh and unpleasant treatment of the environment, as well as trauma to the environmental conditions, such as economic conditions which made him feel inferior, and so forth.
Deal with juvenile delinquency, it means re-arrange teenage emotions were torn. Emotions and feelings are corrupted because they feel rejected by family, parents, friends, and the environment since childhood, and the failure of the process of development of the adolescent soul. Traumas in his life must be resolved, psychological conflicts that hanging should be resolved, and they should be given a different environment than the previous environment. The question is: who is it all work? Parents Did? While parents are too dizzy to think about work and other living expenses. Was his brother? They also have their own problems, maybe even they also have the same problem. Was the Government? Or who? Not easy to answer. However, providing a good environment from an early age, along with an understanding of the development of our children properly, will help reduce juvenile delinquency. At least not increase the number of cases.

Second puberty

2011-05-24T11:37:00.000-07:00

The term "puberty" comes from the word "pubes" which means hair that grows around the genitals. This condition is experienced by the child's teen years, both men and women. Second puberty is a condition where there is similarity of behavior such as that experienced by children who enter puberty, such as more attention to appearance, more attention to the opposite sex, and so forth.

Second puberty experienced by men and women who entered the age of 40 years and over. The symptoms in men as he entered the second puberty are:

    Reluctant to appear older. They started paying attention to her appearance and beauty of her body. Her hair was dyed a la the young, stylish slang, modifying his car to be flat, and so forth.

    They also begin to love again adventure. Starting from the long-distance bike ride, up and out of the discotheque.

    Productivity of living increases. Many found that they are increasingly adept at negotiating, the more advanced business, as well as the more spectacular career.

While in women, symptoms are:

    Disturbed or cessation of the process of menstruation (menopause). This happens because gonadotrop no longer produced by the gland hypophysc. Effects that occur are dizziness, lethargy, and less passionate. As a result, emotional stability is often disrupted.

    Shrink fat deposits so that the skin began to wrinkle, even breasts start changing shape. Graying hair. This situation will affect the mental state. Moreover, if the husband looked at it as a setback.

Each person will experience this second phase of puberty. Because it is necessary to adequate preparation for entering the mature phase of this crisis. This is where back-tested the commitment of marriage. Communication and understanding a very important role for couples who began to enter this second puberty. Different conditions between husbands and wives often trigger conflicts between them. Husband is more excited in many ways, while the wife the more lethargic and less passionate. If there is good communication between couples who enter this period, the second crisis, this problem will be resolved properly.

Some things you can do to get through puberty a second well is:

    Banc both undisturbed by the presence of children

    Providing such a surprise candle light dinner, buying goods that are desirable partner, and so forth

    Reopening memories photo album together

    Watching movies alone

    Etc.

It is expected that couples entering a second puberty can pass well and happily into old age.

The theory of nativism

2011-05-23T11:29:00.000-07:00

Nativism derived from the word Nativus, meaning birth. This theory emerged from philosophy nativisma (born) as a form of philosophical idealism and generate a view that children's development is determined by heredity, innateness, and natural factors are natural. Pioneer flow of nativism is Arthur Schopenhauer German philosopher who lived in 1788-1880. This school believes that individual development is determined by default since he was born. Own environments Factors considered less influential on the development and education of children. In effect the flow of nativism sourced from Leibnitzian Tradition, a tradition that emphasizes the ability for in a child. Results perkambangan determined by genetic innateness and from both parents.

Thus, according to this school, learning success is determined by the individual. nativism opinion, if the child has a talent jahar from birth, he will become evil, and vice versa if the child has a good talent, it will be good. Education of children who do not fit with the talent that brought not be useful for the development of the child.

That view did not deviate from reality. For example, children are physically resemble their parents and will inherit the characteristics and talents of parents. In principle, the view of nativism is the recognition of the existence of genuine power that has been formed since the human being is born into the world, namely the forces of psychological and physiological factors that are hereditary, and other basic skills of different capacities within each human. There is a growing and developing to the point of maximum ability, and some are only up at certain points. For example, a child who comes from parents who are skilled art of music, will develop into an artist of music that may exceed the ability of parents, may also only up to half the ability of parents.

Arthur Schaupenhaur firmly declare that evil would be evil and the good will be good. Pandanga this as opposed to the optimism is pessimism education provides the basis that a successful education is determined by factors, determined by the child himself. Environment does not exist, meaning that the environment because it will not be powerless in influencing child development.
Although the daily reality of children are often found physically resemble their parents, a talent inherited his parents' talent, but talent is innate genetics is not the only factor that determines the child's development, but still there are other factors that influence the development and formation of children into adulthood , knowing competence in self and self identity (identity).

Factors of human development in the theory of nativism

1. Genetic factor. Is the factor genes from both parents who encourage the presence of a talent that comes from being human. An example is if both parents the child is a singer, then the child has innate talent as a singer, a great percentage.

2. Ability Factors Child. Is the factor that makes a child knows that there is potential in him. This factor is more apparent because the child can develop the potential that exists within him. An example is the existence of extra-curricular activities in school that encourages each child to develop the potential that exists within themselves according to their talents and interests.

3. Child growth factor. Is a factor that encourages the child to know his talent and his interest in each of the natural growth and development so that if the child's growth was normal so he's being energetic, active, and responsive capabilities. Conversely, if the child's growth is not normal then the child can not mngenali talents and capabilities.

Goals nativism Theory
In this theory by G. Leibnitz: Monad "In the individual there is a core human person". While the Theory of Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) stated that human development is innateness / talent. So with this theory every man is expected to:

1. Able to bring up talents. With this theory people are expected to be held because mengoptimalkann talent already know the talent that can be developed. Given this, enable people to develop something that could have a major impact on his progress.

2. Encouraging people to realize themselves competent. So with this theory is expected of every human being must be more creative and innovative in developing their talents and interests in order to become a competent human being that can compete with others for the challenges of today who are increasingly required to have competent people who are superior to others.

3. Encouraging people in determining choice. This theory of human existence could be more prudent to determine the choice, and if humans have determined the choice will be committed and sticking to his choice and he chose to believe that something adalh is best for himself.

4. Encouraging people to develop the potential of a person. This theory is put forward to make people take an active role in the development potential for human self dimilii it has distinctive features or special character as a human identity.

5. Encouraging people to recognize the talent possessed interests. Given this theory, the human will easily recognize the talent that is owned, the earlier the premises of human sense to recognize the talent possessed by humans it can better maximize llebih baakatnya thus optimal.

Applications at the present time

Factors are natural traits can not be changed by the influence of environment and education (Arthur Schaupenhauer (1788-1860)). To support this theory in the era now being opened pelatiahn and courses to develop talent so that the inborn talent that is trained and developed for every individual human being able to develop its potential. So the potential that exists in man is not in vain because they are not developed, trained and raised.

But the training that was held was dominated by people who really know the talent you have, so that by the introduction of talents and interests at an early age having a bit of coercion from parents and it causes the child's talents and abilities tend to close even disappear because of the attitude of authoritarian parents who do not consider the talents, abilities and interests.

Training institute was created in order to become a container to hold a talent for sharing by children can be channeled and developed denag good results, can be maximized.

Without realizing it at any educational institution is also open-kegiatn activities that can develop and channel the talents of children outside of academic activities. So other than the child gets in the science classroom, but jug could develop his talents.

Ten (10) Successful People Personality

2011-05-22T11:21:00.000-07:00

"The best way to Predict the Future is to create it." - Alan Kay

A SUCCESS has many definitions and variations of benchmarks. Some of us believe, that success means achieving the highest position in the office, other variations have sufficient financial means certain. There are some longer to realize success as a predicate appreciation from colleagues and audiences for his achievement. From the various definitions and benchmarks, the one thing that can be concluded that the success is the achievement of dreams through a process of structured and planned. For example, the A defining success if he is able to achieve the marketing manager at his workplace. Efforts to "streamline" its success, A decided to study again in educational institutions S2 and follow some marketing seminars. Of course, many things that need to be prepared, both material and personal attitudes. Material form of money and time is a sure thing to be prepared, and should also be supported by personal attitude in dealing with the process of achieving success itself.

Referring to Jennie S. Bev is a consultant, entrepreneur, author and educator living in San Francisco Bay Area and is an Indonesian who "successfully" compete on the climate of "tight" American. He put forward the 10 elements of a successful personality (both in terms of financial and performance) are based on her social and communication with the billionaire and a successful entrepreneur. Ten attitude is as follows:

One, the courage to take the initiative. The actual strength is no longer a secret to the success of people terknenal ie they always have great ideas! A Donald Trump a "worldwide" due to its superiority in the field of Real Estate originally stood the test of the status of bankrupt and ultimately predicated King Real Estate, is an example of a genius and daring initiative. We certainly know the TV series The Apprentice, Miss Universe contest, Free University named TrumpUniversity.com, even in his home country doll Donald is an icon and best-selling product in addition to the books of his bestseller. And the initiative is the wealth of all people, live people that want or not to take the initiative put forward its ideas.

Two, on time. A sure thing for everyone in this world without exception is that we have the same amount of time ie 24 hours a day. A person who keep their promises and on time shows that he is a man who has the ability to organize / manage something that is most limited. Ability to attend as promised is the key to all success, especially success in business and interact. Giving more attention to time is a reflection of respect for ourselves and our colleagues and partners.

Three, happy to serve and give. A successful formula of many successful people are able to lead, but an additional attribute of leadership is the habit of serving and giving. The more you give to others, the more respect you get in return. And, sincerity is the key to this trait. Other goodness will continue to flow without stopping when we are able to give and serve with sincerity. It may be practically as bonuses alone! However, with the giving and serving setidaknnya means showing to friends, colleagues and our colleagues how successful we are making people more confident partner and associate with us.

Four, opening up first. Perhaps we've met people who always want to know about other people's private things, but he continued to shut himself for his true identity is not open. They usually live in fear and suspicion, and always prejudiced to anyone he encountered. This attitude is the element that is not owned many successful people. Trust and generosity to open up to the other person is a mirror that we are comfortable with yourself, then nothing needs to be covered, that is sought by the true partner and most of us would agree that not many people are willing to work with a mysterious man, right right?

Lima, enjoy working together and foster good relations. The ability to work together in teams is one of the main keys to success. Again we take the example of Donald Trump. In the TV series The Apprentice, Trump has a team of loyal and become an extension of her hand in finding candidates "confidant" new. In the end, Trump will have a team of very loyal and visionary same as creating a good network, so that the road to success is more wide open.

Six, nice to learn new things. Ciputra and Bakrie is a person who can be regarded as a success in the field of commerce. But when they founded the university, whether they move as an educator? Or they own is actually a professor? Obviously not, they remain an entrepreneur, but with his penchant to find new things and apply them directly, then the world wide wide open for him. The business world is like as a place to play that laus and unlimited. So glad to learn and find new things is an attitude of success.

Seven, rarely complains, professionalism is the most important. Lance Armstrong once said, "There are two Kinds of days: good days and great days." There are only two kinds of days: a good day and a very good day. It is good if we do not ever complain, even though one day maybe we will fall and fail. Why? Because every time you fail, it is an opportunity for us to learn to overcome failure itself so it does not happen again in the future. Day in which we fail to remain as a good day (good day).

Eight, dare to bear the risk. Clearly, without this there is no chance at all to lead to success. Virtually every day we run the risk, although not fully realized. The risk is only going to result in two kinds: some of a good or a great day. So, so nothing to worry about anymore is not it? Failure was simply an opportunity to learn to not repeat the same thing later in life and certainly the threshold to success will be closer.

Nine, showing no fear (think positive all the time). Positive thinking is the environment or the default state in which the whole of existence we are. If we use negative thoughts as the default state, then all our actions will be based on this (fear or anxiety). With positive thoughts, then our actions will be guided by positive vibration, so that positive things will more likely. The more positive we are addressing the obstacles, the better chance we find a solution to these obstacles.

Ten, "comfortable in Their Own Skin" Close-up of something and make it look "better" than his interlocutor. Ever met a successful person of low self-alias is not comfortable with themselves? Nothing of course. Leisure be yourself do not need to be covered up so that the speaker was not offended because everyone has its own place in the world that can not be replaced by others. I was me, they are them. By being myself, I would not disturb their existence. If they feel uncomfortable, it's not because of my personality, but due to a different mindset and kekurangmampuan them in achieving comfort with oneself. Basic attitude of successful people mentioned above probably could be a harbinger and pave our steps to achieve success we dream, our lives are decided. Ready to succeed? I'll see you on a mountain top of success!

Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)

2011-05-21T11:11:00.000-07:00

The biggest problem faced by the learners now (students) are they not been able to connect between what they learn and how that knowledge will be used. This is because the way they obtain information and self-motivation has not been touched by a method that can really help them. The students difficulty understanding academic concepts (such as the concepts of mathematics, physics, or biology), because the teaching method which has been used by educators (teachers) confined to the lecture method. Other students here certainly know what they are learning now will be very useful for their future lives, that is when they are societal or while at work one day. Therefore we need a method that can really give an answer to this problem. One method that can be more empowering students dalah contextual approach (Contextual Teaching and Learning / CTL)

Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) is a learning system that matches the performance of the brain, to develop patterns that create meaning, by linking academic content to the context of everyday life learners. This is important be applied to the information received is not only stored in short-term memory, which is easily forgotten, but can be stored in long term memory so it will be internalized and applied in job duties.

CTL-called contextual approach because the concept of learning that help teachers to link between the content to be studied with real-world situations students and encourage students to make connections between the knowledge possessed by its application in their lives as members of society.

According to pembelajran contextual theory, learning occurs only when students (learners) process new information or knowledge in such a way that can be absorbed into their minds and they are able menghubungannya with real life around them. This approach assumes that the mind would naturally seek the meaning of individual relationships with surrounding environments.

Based on the above understanding, according to contextual learning method of learning activities should not be done in the classroom, but could in the laboratory, the workplace, rice, or other places. Require educators (teachers) to be smart to choose and design learning environments that really relate to real life, both personal context, social, cultural, economic, health, and others, so students have the knowledge / skills to construct a dynamic and flexible actively own understanding.

In an environment like that, students can find meaningful relationships between abstract ideas with practical applications in real-world context, the concept of internalized through discover, strengthen, and connect. For example, the physics class is studying about the thermal conductivity to measure how the quality and quantity of construction materials affects the amount of energy required to maintain the building when exposed to heat or cold exposure. Or grade biology or chemistry class can learn basic scientific concepts by studying the spread of AIDS or the ways of farmers grow crops and their effects on the environment.

By applying CTL unwittingly educators have attended three modern scientific principles that support and regulate everything in the universe, namely: 1) the principle of interdependence, 2) Principle of Differentiation, and 3) Principles of Self settings.

The principle of interdependence teaches that everything in the universe is interdependent and interrelated. In CTL the principle of interdependence invites educators to recognize their linkages with other educators, with students, with communities and with the environment. The principle of interdependence invite students to work together, mutual expression, listening to each other to find the problem, designing the plan, and seek solutions to problems. The principle is to unite the experiences of each individual to achieve high academic standards.

The principle of differentiation refers to the constant urge of the universe to generate diversity, difference and uniqueness. In CTL differentiation principle frees students to explore personal talents, learn how to bring each individual, developing at their own pace. Here the students are encouraged to always be creative, critical thinking in order to produce something useful.

The principle of self-regulation states that everything is set up, maintained and recognized by yourself. This principle encouraged the students to release its full potential. They accept responsibility for own decisions and behavior, assess alternatives, make choices, develop plans, analyze information, create solutions and to critically assess the evidence. Furthermore, the interaction between the student will obtain a new understanding, new insights as well as discover personal interests, the power of imagination, their ability to survive and lack of expertise.

Back to the concept of CTL. In contextual learning teachers are required to assist students in achieving its goals. The point is that teachers are more dealing with the strategy of the provided information. Here the teacher simply manage the class as a team that works together to find something new for students. Teaching and learning activities (KBM) were more stressed than Teacher Centered Student Centered. According to the Ministry of Education teachers have to implement some of the following: 1) studying the concept or theory that will be studied by students. 2) Understand the background and life experience of students through the review process carefully. 3) Learning environment and residential school students who subsequently choose and mengkaiykan with the concept or theory that will be discussed in contextual learning. 4) Designing teaching by linking the concept or theory studied by considering the experience of its students and their environment. 5) Carry out an assessment of student understanding, the results of which will be used as material pemebelajaran refeksi against the plan and its implementation.

Curriculum and instruction based on contextual learning strategies should be structured to encourage five essential forms of learning: Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperation, and Transfer.

Linking: Learning in the context of life experience, or associate. Teachers using this strategy he ketia linking new concepts with something already known to students. So thus, linking what is already known to students with new information. Curriculum that seeks to place learning in the context of life experience should be able to make students taking special account of daily events that they see, the events that occurred in the vicinity, or under certain conditions, then mengubungan information that they have acquired with the lesson and then try to find a solution to the problem of the problem.

EXPERIENCE: Learning in the context of exploration, experience. Contextual learning experience is central to where the linking means linking new information with previous pengetahui pengelaman well. Learning can occur more quickly when students are able to manipulate equipment and materials and to conduct other forms of active research.

APPLYING: Applying the concepts and information in a useful context for students' self. Students apply a concept when he malakukan problem-solving activities. Teachers can motivate students by memberikam realistic and relevant training.

COOPERATION: Learning in the context of sharing, responding, and communicating with other students is a major teaching strategy in teaching context. Students who work individually often not helped progress significantly. Conversely, students who are working in groups often can solve complex problems with minimal assistance. The experience of working together not only helps students learn the material, is also consistent with the real world. An employee who can communicate effectively, who can share information well, and who can work comfortably in a team of course highly valued in the workplace. Therefore, Sanat important to encourage students to develop skills to work this.

Transfer: Learning in the context of existing knowledge, or transfer, use and build upon what has been learned students. The role of the teacher makes a variety of pengelaman learning with a focus on understanding rather than hapalan.

According to the Ministry of Education for its application, contextual approach (CTL) has tujuah main components, namely constructivism (constructivism), find (Inquiry), asking (questioning), community-learning (Learning Community), modeling (modeling), reflection (reflection), and The actual assessment (Authentic). Adapaun explanation as follows:

1. Constructivism (constructivism). Constructivism is the foundation of our thinking CTL, which emphasizes that learning is not just memorize, recall of knowledge but is a learning process where students themselves mentally active helps to build knowledge, which is based on pengetahuanyang structure possesses.

2. Finding (Inquiry). Finding the essence of this part of contextual-based learning activities Karen acquired knowledge and skills students are expected not the result of considering a set of facts but the result of finding themselves. Activities found (inquiry) is a cycle consisting of observation (observation), asking (questioning), filed allegations (hiphotesis), data collection (gathering data), inference (conclusion).

3. Asking (questioning). Knowledge one always starts from asking. Questioning is a major strategy pembelajaan contextually based. Activity is useful to ask: 1) gather information, 2) explore students' understanding, 3) generate responses to the students, 4) determine the extent of student curiosity, 5) know the things that have been known to students, 6) focusing attention on something that is desired teachers, 7) raised more questions from students, to refresh students' knowledge.

4. Community Learning (Learning Community). The concept of learning communities suggests the learning outcomes gained from the cooperation of others. Learning outcomes resulted from the 'sharing' between friends, between groups, and between the tau into who do not know. Community learning occurs when there is a two-way communication, two or more groups are involved in learning communication learning from each other.

5. Modelling (Modelling). Modeling is basically express a thought, demonstrates how the teacher wants students to learn and malakukan what teachers want for their students perform. In contextual learning, teachers are not the only model. Models can be designed with, elibatkan students and also bring in from outside.

6. Reflection (Reflection). Reflection is a way of thinking or response about what newly learned AAU backward thinking about what has been done in the past. Its realization in teaching, leaving teachers to give students a moment of reflection in the form of direct statements about what he gained that day.

7. The actual assessment (Authentic Assessment.) Penialaian is the process of collecting various data that could give a description of the development of student learning. In the CTL-based learning, student development picture teachers need to know in order to ensure that students experience learning that is true. The focus is on completion of assessment tasks that are relevant and contextual as well as assessments are made to the process and results.

Advantages & Disadvantages Contextual Teaching and Learning

Excess
1. Learning becomes more meaningful and real. This means that students are required to grasp the relationship between the experience of studying in school to real life. It is very important, because with can mengorelasikan material found with real life, not only for the students the material that will work functionally, but the material learned will be embedded firmly in the memory of students, sihingga not be easily forgotten.
2. Learning more productive and able to foster the strengthening of the concept to the students because the learning method adopted CTL flow constructivism, in which a student is led to find his own knowledge. Through the foundation of philosophical constructivism students are expected to learn through "experience" instead of "memorizing".

Weakness
1. Teachers are more intensive in the lead. Because the CTL method. Teachers no longer serves as a center of information. The task is to manage the classroom teacher as a team that works together to discover new knowledge and skills for students. Students are viewed as a developing individual. One's learning ability will be influenced by the level of development and breadth of experience he has. Thus, the teacher's role is not as instructors or "ruler" that forces the will but the teacher is supervising students so they can learn according to the stage of its development.
2. Teachers provide opportunities for students to discover or implement their own ideas and invite students for being aware and consciously use their own strategies for learning. But in this context of course teachers need extra attention and guidance to students for learning purposes in accordance with what was originally applied.

Understanding and Helping Students Who Lack of Confidence

2011-05-20T11:06:00.000-07:00

CASE DESCRIPTION
Leah (not her real name) is a first class high school student who had just climbed Favorites Salatiga class II. He came from a farmer who is quite the social economy in the hinterland village + 17 km outside the town of Salatiga, as the first child his parents initially objected to their children continue to finish junior high school in Salatiga; parents had hoped for her son does not need hard-have continued school to the city, but on persuasion when taking her child's homeroom STTB to give up their children attend school weight. Consideration of the guardian class because Leah fairly intelligent amongst other friends, so naturally if it could be accepted in high school favorite. Since received in high school on the one hand Lia's favorite as a child of the village proud after all be accepted, but on the other hand started to feel inferior to her friends, mostly from rich families with a pattern of association which is so different from the background Lia. He considers friends from wealthy families such as the selfish, less friendly, picky friends who are both from wealthy families alone, and arrogant. The longer the feeling of rejection, terisolik, and loneliness the more gripping and began to arise attitude and assumption that schooling is not for him not krasan, but ashamed of going out with parents and his compatriot; continue to survive, there is no hard / have a friend who cares. My basic rural children, poor children (compared to his friends in the city) hujatnya to yourself. Finally truly become a child minder, shy and hesitant and afraid to get along well as they should. The longer the maturity the more its value so that the burden of thought and feeling more and more weight, as to doubt whether this can be the next grade or not

UNDERSTANDING LIA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF RATIONAL emotive
In the view of rational emotive, human beings have an inherent ability to act rationally or irrationally, humans are born with strong tendencies incredible desire and urgent in order that all things happen for the best for her life and at all blame themselves, others, and the world if does not immediately get what he wants. Consequently childish thinking (as a matter of manunusiawi) throughout his life, eventually only the enormous difficulty able to achieve and maintain a realistic behavior and adult; besides humans also have a tendency to overestimate the importance of acceptance of others which would cause his emotions not reasonably often blame themselves in ways that pembawaannya and self-destructive ways obtained. Think and feel is very close and with each other: the mind can be a feeling and vice versa; What is thinking and what he is feeling or occurrence of something embodied in the action / behavior rational or irrational. How is the action / behavior that is very easily influenced by others and the drive-doronan strong to defend themselves and satisfy themselves even irrational.

The characteristics of an irrational person can not be verified, play a role dimui God what should happen, control the world, and if unable to do so is considered stupid and useless; foster feelings of discomfort (like anxiety) that there was no need, not too bad / embarrassing but allowed to continue, and prevents someone kembai to the initial incident and change it. In fact, eventually leading to feelings of helplessness on self concerned. The forms of mind / feelings are irrational for example: everyone in the environment I have to like me, if anyone is not happy with me it means a disaster for me. That means my fault, because I'm not precious, not like people / other friends. I suffer because they deserve it.

In connection with the case, Lia actually born with the potential to excel, he became problematic because of its behavior is controlled by the thoughts / feelings of irrational, self-esteem he has placed on the concept / belief is wrong is if the rich, all friends pay attention / support, care, etc. and it all does not exist / be obtained from the high school, until in the end blames herself with blasphemy and suffering and isolate himself. He has managed to build the concept itself is not realistic based on the assumption that one of (and from) friends environment. He became self-conscious, shy, timid and hesitant ultimately the success / achievements that actually will not need to happen.

PURPOSE AND COUNSELING TECHNIQUES
If Leah is not logical thinking / realistic (about the concept of himself and his view of his friends) were being fought then he will change it. Thus the purpose of counseling is to combat the irrational thinking that melatar Lia-background fear / kecematannya the concept itself is wrong with his attitude toward other friends. In a more nuanced authoritative counselor counseling: call Leah, invite discussion and to encourage direct confrontation moved from irrational thinking into rational / logical and realistic through persuasive, suggestive, giving appropriate advice, therapy by applying the principles learned to PR and bibliographic therapy .

Counselling Cognitive: to show that Lee must dismantle irrational mindset about the concept of self-esteem, attitude toward fellow friend wrong if you want more happiness and success. Counselors teach more stylish: to provide advice, direct confrontation with the map-irasoonal rational thought, suggestions and asertive simulation training with self-apply the correct self-concept and attitude / dependence on others is correct / rational proceed as a PR exercise, observing and evaluating yourself. Example: from a person not worthy of the wealth or the number and status of friends who support, but the love of God and its realization. God loves me, because I am worth dihadiratNya. Against myself someday I'm happy, satisfied and proud, but sometimes indifferent, indifferent, even sometimes I hate, cursing myself, so it is natural and realistic that some 40 people, a friend of one class for example is + 40% good, 50% neutral, only 10% are membeci me. It is impossible to prosecute all / every person every time good to me, and so on. These ideas are taught, and trained with a scientific approach.

Counselling emotive-evolatif to change the system value by using the technique Leah awareness between right and wrong such as the example, play a role, and load shedding for Lia releasing thoughts and feelings are not rational and replace it with a rational as the continuation of cognitive techniques above. Counselling behavioritas used to change negative behavior to change the roots of Lia's belief that irrational / illogical reinforcemen contract, social modeling, and relaxation / meditation.

CLOSING
This theory is in helping direct approach using the advice that is marked by attacking the problem with an intellectual and convincing (koselor). The technique is clear, rigorous, more and see / realize the thoughts and words are constantly addressed to myself, which brought destruction to themselves. The way the counselor is to approach the firm, ask attention to the thoughts that cause the disorder and how the mind and the sentence was in operation until the adverse consequences. The counselor then helps him to think again, challenging, argumentative, say the sentences are harming it, and thereby he brought a client into awareness and new insight. But the insight and awareness is not enough. He must be trained to think and say to yourself things that are more positive and realistic. Therapists teach clients to think right and act effectively. The technique used is eklektif with consideration:

1. Economical in terms of time for both counselor and counselee
2. Technical-technical effectiveness used is suitable for a wide range of counselee
3. Freshness of its outcome,
4. The depth and soil can be worn long and counselee to counsel her own defeat.

In conclusion, re-structuring philosophically wrong to alter personality functioning involves the following steps: (1) recognize fully that we are largely responsible for the creation of our own problems, (2) accept the notion that we have the ability to alter the disturbances in mean, (3) realize that the problems and our emotions come from irrational beliefs, (4) clearly perceive these beliefs, (5) accept the fact that, if we expect to change, we better have to deal with ways of behavior and emotion to act counter to our beliefs and feelings-feelings that one function and the actions that follow, and (6) practice RET methods to eliminate or alter the consequences of which are impaired in the remaining time our lives.

Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

2011-05-19T11:00:00.000-07:00

UNDERSTANDING
Cognitive is a process that happens internally in the central nervous system at the time humans are thinking (Gagne in Jamaris, 2006). The term "Cognitive" comes from the word cognition means understanding, understand. Understanding the extent of cognition (cognition) is the acquisition, structuring, and use of knowledge (Neisser, 1976). In further developments, then the term cognitive has become popular as one of the areas of human psychology / single general concept that encompasses all forms of recognition that includes any mental behaviors associated with problem understanding, caring, giving, thought, consideration, information processing, problem solving, deliberate, consideration, imagine, predict, thought and belief. Including mental health centers in the brain is also associated with konasi (the will) and affective (feeling) is concerned with taste. According to experts kognitifis flow of soul, a person's behavior is always based on cognition, the act of knowing or thinking about a situation where the behavior occurred.

BASIC PRINCIPLES Piaget's theory
• Jean Piaget (Swiss psychologist who lived in 1896-1980) is known as a comprehensive theory of intellectual development, which reflects the existence of forces between biological and psychological function.
• Piaget explain intelligence itself as a biological adaptation to the environment. For example: humans do not have a fluffy coat to protect it from cold, people do not have the speed to escape predators, humans also do not have the expertise in climbing trees. But humans have the versatility to produce clothing and vehicles for transportation.

3 Aspects of Intelligence
According to Piaget, intelligence can be viewed from three different perspectives:

1. Also called structure schemes (schemata / Schemas). The structure and organization found in the environment, but the human mind more than imitate the structure of external reality passively. Interaction of the human mind with the outside world, matching the world into a "mental framework" of his own. Cognitive structure is the mental framework which is built one by taking information from the environment and interpret it, mereorganisasikannya and transforming them (Flavell, Miller & Miller, 1993).

2 things vital to remember about building cognitive structures: 1) a person actively involved in developing the process. 2) an environment where people interact is important for structural development.

Piaget did not see the cognitive structure as a biological mechanism outward. He does not believe that children enter the world with the "basic tools" for understanding reality. The children are slowly and gradually build their own perspective on reality. Formation of cognitive structures begin early in life soon after the baby started to have experience with the environment. But is not a new-born baby does not have any experience on the environment? Piaget believed that a baby is not fully experienced a structure which has been formed who programmed them to interact with the environment, this so called physical structures, such as the human brain and nervous system and sensory organ2 specific. And reflexes which is called the "automatic behavioral reactions." Babies train these structures in the interaction with the environment & begin immediately to develop the cognitive structures.

2. Content is also called content, that is specific behavior patterns of individuals when facing something the problem. Is a coarse material, because Piaget less interested in what children know, but more interested in what the underlying thought processes. Piaget saw the "content" is less important than the structure & function, if the content is "what" of intelligence, while the "how" & "why" is determined by the cognitive or intellectual.

3. Called Functions fungtion, which is a process by which cognitive structures are built. All living organisms interact with the environment which has the function through a process of organization and adaptation. Organization: uuntuk tend to integrate themselves and the world into a form of the parts into a whole distinguished meaningfully, as a way to reduce complexity. Adaptation to the environment occurs in 2 ways:

a. organisms manipulate the outside world in a way makes it similar to himself. This process is called assimilation. Assimilation takes something from the outside world and fitting it into the structure which already exists. For example: humans assimilate food by making it into the components of nutrition, the foods they eat become a part of themselves.
b. organism to modify itself so that it becomes more like its environment. This process is called accommodation. When someone accommodate something, they change themselves to meet external requirements. For example: body not only food but also accommodate assimilate by secreting gastric juices to destroy and digest the involuntary contractions of the stomach.

Through the adjustment process, the system is changing and evolving one's cognition that can be increased from one stage to the top. Adjustment process is carried out an individual because he wanted to reach a state of equilibrium, namely a state of balance between the structure of cognition with experience in the environment. Someone will always strive for a balanced state is always achieved by using both the above adjustment process.

Thus, developing one's cognition is not due to receive knowledge passively from the outside but the person is actively constructing knowledge.

DEVELOPMENT STAGES
Piaget's cognitive development of children divided into 4 main periods that correlate with increasingly sophisticated and as you age:

1. Sensorimotor Period (age 0-2 years)
2. Preoperational period (ages 2-7 years)
3. Concrete operational period (age 7-11 years)
4. Formal operational period (age 11 to adult)

1. Sensorimotor Period
According to Piaget, infants are born with some innate reflex as well as encouragement to explore his world. The scheme was originally formed through differentiation of these innate reflex. Sensorimotor period is the first period of four periods. Piaget argued that this stage marks the development of essential spatial abilities and understanding in the six sub-stages:
a. Sub-reflex schema stage, appearing at birth until the age of six weeks and is associated mainly with the reflex.
b. Sub-stage primary circular reaction phase, from ages six weeks to four months and is associated mainly with the emergence of habits.
c. Sub-stage secondary circular reaction phase, appearing between the ages of four to nine months and is associated mainly with the coordination between vision and meaning.
d. Sub-phase coordination of secondary circular reactions, arise from age nine to twelve months, while developing the ability to see objects as something that is permanent even though it seems different when viewed from different angles (object permanence).
e. Sub-stage tertiary circular reactions phase, appeared at the age of twelve to eighteen months and is associated mainly with the discovery of new ways to achieve goals.
f. Sub-early stages of symbolic representation, associated especially with early stages of creativity.

2. Preoperational stage of
This stage is the second phase of four phases. By observing the order of play, Piaget was able to show that after the end of the age of two qualitatively new kind of psychological functions emerge. Thought (Pre) Operations in Piaget's theory is a procedure mentally action against the objects. The hallmark of this stage is a rare mental operations and logically inadequate. In this stage, children learn to use and represent objects by images and words. His thinking is still egocentric: children difficult to see from others' viewpoints. Children can classify objects using one characteristic, such as collecting all the red objects even though the shape of different objects or collect all round even though the color is different.

According to Piaget, the stages of pre-operational following the sensorimotor stage and appear between ages two to six years. In this stage, children develop skills berbahasanya. They began to represent objects with words and pictures. However, they still use intuitive rather than logical reasoning. At the beginning of this stage, they tend to be egocentric, that is, they can not understand his place in the world and how they relate to each other. They have trouble understanding how the feelings of those around them. But as the maturation, the ability to understand another person's perspective, the better. Children have a very imaginative mind in the moment and regard every living thing that does not even have feelings.

3. Concrete Operational Stage
This stage is the third stage of four stages. Appear between the ages of six to twelve years and has characteristics of an adequate use of logic. These processes are important during this phase are:

Sequencing-ability to mengurutan objects by size, shape, or other characteristics. For example, when given the objects of different sizes, they can be sorted from the largest object to the smallest.

Classification-the ability to name and identify a set of objects according to appearance, size, or other characteristics, including the idea that a series of objects can include an object into the circuit. Children no longer have the limitations of logic in the form of animism (the notion that all living things and callous)

Decentering children begin to consider some aspects of a problem to solve. For example, the child will no longer consider a wide but short cup less content than the small cups are high.

Reversibility children begin to understand that the amount or objects can be changed, then returned to the initial state. For that, children can quickly determine that 4 +4 equals 8, 8-4 will equal 4, the number earlier.

Conservation-understanding that quantity, length or number of objects is not related to the setting or appearance of the object or objects. For example, if the child is given a cup the size and contents are the same lot, they will know when water is poured into another glass of different size, the water in the glass will remain the same lot with another cup.

Removal of the nature of egocentrism-the ability to see things from the viewpoint of others (even when people are thinking the wrong way.) For example, show that showed Siti comic store doll in the box, and then left the room, then Ujang move the doll into a drawer, only then Siti back into the room. Children in the concrete operations stage will say that Siti would continue to treat the doll in the box even though the boy knew that the mannequin was transferred into a drawer by Ujang.

4. Formal Operational Stage
Formal operational stage is the final period of cognitive development in Piaget's theory. This stage began to experience the child in the age of eleven (at puberty) and continues into adulthood. Characteristics of this stage is to get the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and draw conclusions from available information. In this stage, one can understand such things as love, logical proof, and value. He does not see things only in black and white, but there are "shades of gray" in between. Viewed from a biological factor, this phase appears at puberty (when there is a variety of other major changes), marking its entry into the adult world in physiological, cognitive, moral reasoning, psychosexual development, and social development. Some people do not fully achieve the progress to this stage, so he does not have the skills to think as an adult and still use the reasoning from the concrete operational stage.

General information about the stages
The fourth stage has the following characteristics:
• Although the stages can be achieved in the age varies but the order is always the same. No stage is skipped and there is no order to retreat.
• Universal (not related to culture)
• Can be generalized: representation and logic from existing operations in a person applies to all concepts and content knowledge
• The stages in the form of an organized whole is logically
• A sequence of hierarchical stages (each stage includes the elements of previous stages, but more differentiated and integrated)
• Stages represent qualitative differences in the model of thinking, not just a quantitative difference

CRITICISM OF THE THEORY Piaget
Most psychologists fully accept the general principles of Piaget that children's thinking is fundamentally different from adult thinking, and kind of logic that children change with age. However, there are also researchers who fuss about the details of Piaget's findings, especially regarding the age when children are able to accomplish specific tasks.

1. In a classic study, McGarrigle and Donalson (1974) states that children are able to understand conservation (conservation) in a younger age than the age which is believed by Piaget.
2. Another study that criticized Piaget's theory is that children are just reaching an understanding of object permanence at the age of 6 months. Balillargeon and De Vos (1991); 104 children were observed until they were 18 years old, and tested with a variety of formal operational tasks based on the tasks used by Piaget, including the testing of hypotheses. The majority of the children did not reach the formal operational stage. This is consistent with studies McGarrigle and Donaldson and Baillargeon and DeVos, who stated that Piaget underestimated the ability of small children and too high to assess the ability of children who are older.
3. And recently, Bradmetz (1999) to test Piaget's statement that the majority of children reach the formal at the end of childhood.

In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Implications of Learning

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According to Piaget, cognitive development largely depends on how much active child actively manipulate and interact with their environment, ie how children actively construct pengentahuannya. Knowledge comes from action. according to Piaget's theory of physical experiences and manipulation of the environment is important for the occurrence of changes in development. Meanwhile, that social interaction with peers, especially arguing and discussions helped clarify the thinking that eventually load it becomes more logical thinking. Here are the implications of Piaget's theory of learning:

1. Understand that there is a difference in terms of progressive development invidual. Piaget's theory assumes that all students grow through the same sequence of development, but growth was held at a different speed. Plus I think the child is less logical than adults, then the teacher must understand how children think, not the other way children adapt to the teacher.

2. Education here aims to develop a child's mind, meaning that when the kids try to solve the problem, reasoning that they are more important than the answer. Therefore imperative that teachers do not punish the children for the wrong answer, but instead ask how the child gave a wrong answer, and given the notion of truth or to take appropriate steps to to address.

3. Children learn best by finding (discovery). It means here is that child-centered learning take place effectively, the teacher did not leave the kids learn on their own, but they gave a special assignment that is designed to guide students to discover and solve problems on their own.

Self-Monitoring Presentation Style

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Each person will differ in how they present themselves. Some people are more aware about their public impression, some people may be more use of self-straregik percentage, while others are more like self-justification (self-verification). According to Mark Snyder (1987), this difference is associated with a characteristic personality trait called self-monitoring is the tendency to set the behavior to suit the demands of social situations-tuntutaan. Thus, self-monitoring is the tendency to change behavior in response to the presentation itself, which was centered on the situation (Brehm & Kassin, 1993). Or according to Worchel, et al. (2000), self-monitoring is to adapt the behavior to situational norms and expectations of others. While Brigham (1991) states the self-monitoring is the process by which individuals conduct the monitoring (monitor) to manage the impression he had made.

Individuals who have high self-monitoring focuses on what is socially feasible and pay attention to how people behave in social settings. They use this information to guide their behavior. Their behavior is determined by a match with the situation rather than attitudes and their true feelings. They are capable of feeling desire and expectations of others, skilled or expert in presenting some of the behavior in different situations and can change the ways of self presentation or modifying behavior to conform with the expectations of others. High self-monitors described as having "pragmauic self '. They can be called also as an astute manager of the impression ("skilled managers impression.)

Instead of individuals who are low in self-monitoring (low self-monitors) tend to be more attentive to their own feelings and less concerned with the situation cues that could indicate whether their behavior is feasible. In a test tool called "self-monitoring scale" developed by Mark Snyder can be seen that in fact people have a wide variation in the readiness and ability to monitor themselves.

Based on the results of the study, people who get high scores on self-monitoring scale, will have good luck in social situations, people will regard them as being friendly and relaxed (Lippa, 1978), is not shy and more ready to take the initiative in various situation (Pilkonis, 1977). But they are likely to be less reliable and assessed shallow (Gergen, 1977). So it is assumed that those who are at the level of self-monitoring moderate (moderate / in-the middle) is the socially ideal. Because this will allow them to operate effectively in presenting themselves, without becoming a "social chameleon".

The results of another study showed that because of high self-monitors perceive yourself as a person who succeeded in giving the impression to others, so they tend to have higher self-esteem (Sharp & Getz, 1996). They are also socially skilled in testing hypotheses about the personality of people (Dardenne & Leyens, 1995). They are also more mengingar information about other people or the actions of others. High self-monitors more places on physical attractiveness rather than personal qualities when they have a romantic partner. While low self-monitors more emphasis compatibility in personality and interests than the match with physical attractiveness in choosing a mate (Glick. DeMorest, & Hotze, 1988). Finally, in organizational studies indicate that individuals of high self-monitoring is better than low self-monitoring in working across departments or between sections that demands flexibility and open to the desires and expectations of others.

Guidelines on Self-Disclosure

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Self Disclosure sometimes cause harm, such as the risk of rejection or ridicule another person, even may cause material losses. For that, we should study carefully the consequences before deciding to make the disclosure themselves. According to DeVito (1992) the things that need to be considered in self-disclosure is as follows:

a. Motivation to perform self-disclosure
Disclosure must be driven by a sense of self-interest in relationships with others and yourself. Because self-disclosure is not only concerned with ourselves, but also concerned with other people. Sometimes we express openness can only hurt the feelings of others.

b. Suitability of self disclosure.
In making the disclosure itself must be adapted to environmental conditions. Disclosure itself should be done at the right time and place. For example if we want to express something to someone else then we should be able to see whether the time and place are correct.

c. Reciprocity and others.
During the self disclosure, give the other person a chance to make the disclosure themselves. If the other person's self-disclosure we are not doing well, then there is the possibility that people are not like the openness that we do.

The function of self disclosure

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According Derlega and Grzelak (in Sears, et al., 1988) there are five functions of self-disclosure, namely:
a. Expression (expression)
In this life men sometimes experience a disappointment or frustration, whether it is related to the job or the other. To get rid of all this resentment will usually feel good when telling a friend who already believe. With this kind of human self-disclosure had the opportunity to express our feelings.

b. Self purification (self-clarification)
With a sense of sharing and telling your feelings and problems at hand to others, people hope to obtain an explanation and understanding of others will be problems encountered so that the mind will become more clear and can see how the problem better.

c. Social validity (social validation)
Once completed discuss the matter at hand, usually the audience will provide feedback on these problems So therefore, will get a useful information about the truth of our views. We can get the support or otherwise.

d. Social control (social control)
One can express or conceal information about his situation that are intended to hold social control, for example, people will say something that can cause a good impression about him.

e. The development of the relationship (relationship development).
Mutual sharing and information about ourselves to others and mutual trust is the most important advice in an attempt to pioneer a relationship that will further increase the degree of familiarity.

Levels of self disclosure

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In the process of interpersonal relations there are different levels of self disclosure. According to Powell (in Supratikna, 1995) self-disclosure levels in communication, namely:

a. Preamble is a standard of self-disclosure of the most weak or shallow, although there is openness among individuals, therapy does not occur interpersonal relationships. Each individual berkomuniikasi preamble merely modesty.

b. Talking about other people who disclosed the communication was about other people or things outside himself. Although at this level of communication content more deeply, but at this level the individual is not express themselves.

c. Expressing ideas or opinions have started forged a close relationship. Individuals began to reveal himself to another individual.

d. Feelings: each individual can have the same idea or opinion but a feeling or emotion that accompanies the idea or the opinion of each individual can vary. Every relationship between individuals who want the meeting genuine, must be based on a relationship of honest, open and suggest that profound feelings.

e. Relationships summit: self-disclosure has been done in depth, individual interpersonal relationships can appreciate the feelings experienced by other individuals. Any deep and true friendship should be based on self-disclosure and absolute honesty.

While Alman and Taylor put forward a model of the development of relationships with self-disclosure as the main media. The process to achieve the intimacy of personal relationships referred to by the term social penetration. Social penetration occurs in two main dimensions of breadth and depth. Breadth dimension that is where one can communicate with anyone whether a foreigner or with close friends. While the depth dimension in which the person communicating with someone close, beginning and development of a superficial relationship to a very intimate relationship, or reveal anything personal about him. In general when dealing with strangers a little self disclosure depth and narrow range (the subject a bit). While the usual introductions, the disclosure themselves deeper and wider range. While the relationship with close friend marked a self disclosure depth and range is the widest (the subject more and more) (Sears, et al., 1999).

Self-Disclosure

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In an interaction between the individual with others, whether others will accept or reject, how they want others to know about them will be determined by how individuals in expressing themselves. Disclosure of self (self-disclosure) is the process of presenting themselves embodied in the activities to share feelings and information with others (Wrightsman, 1987).

According to Morton (in Sears, et al., 1989) is an activity of self disclosure and information sharing intimate feelings with others. The information in this self-disclosure is a descriptive or evaluative. Descriptive meaning individuals depicts various facts about yourself that may not be known by listeners like, occupation, address and age. While the evaluative meaning that individuals express their personal opinion or feeling like the type who liked or things that are not liked or hated.

Self-disclosure may include various topics such as information behavior, attitudes, feelings, desires, motivations and ideas that fit and self-contained in that person. The depth and the disclosure of a person depends on the situation and the people who were invited to interact. If the people who interact with the fun and make feel safe and can evoke the spirit of the possibilities for idividu to more open is great. In contrast to certain people who can just shut down because they felt less confident (DeVito, 1992).

In the process of self-disclosure appears to the individuals involved have a tendency to follow the norms of reciprocal (mutual). When someone tells something that is personal, it will tend to give a commensurate response. In general, expect others to treat the same as treating them (Raven & Rubin, 1983).

"Someone who disclose personal information that is more familiar than we do will make us feel threatened and we would prefer to end this kind of relationship. If instead we are expressing ourselves too familiar than others, we will feel stupid and insecure "(Sears, et al., 1988).

Culture also has some influence on one's self disclosure. Each and every nation with their own cultural patterns provide a certain limit the extent to which individuals appropriate and inappropriate to express themselves. Kurt Lewin (in Raven & Rubin, 1983) from the peneitiannya found that Americans seem easier to open than the Germans, but this openness is limited to superficial things and are very reluctant to divulge their personal relating . On the other hand, the Germans at first more difficult to express themselves even to things that are superficial, but if you already have confidence, then they are not reluctant to divulge their deepest personal.

Example methods and Nonexample methods in school

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The concept is generally studied in two ways. At least many of the concepts we learned outside of school through observation and also studied through the definition of the concept itself. Example and Nonexample is a tactic that can be used to teach the definition of the concept. This tactic aims to prepare students quickly by using the 2 things which consists of example and non-example of a definition of existing concepts, and asks students to classify them in accordance with existing concepts. Example illustrates an example of something that would be a material that is being discussed, while the non-example will illustrate something that is not an example of a material that is being discussed.

Example and Nonexample deemed necessary because the definition of the concept is a concept that is known primarily only in terms of its definition rather than from its physical properties. By focusing students' attention to the example and non-example is expected to encourage students to go deeper understanding of the material.

According to Buehl (1996) profits from the method of example and nonexample among others:
1. Students go from one definition that will be used to expand understanding of the concepts in greater depth and more complex
2. Students engage in a process of discovery (discovery), which encourages them to build a progressive concept through example and experience of non example
3. Students were given something that is opposite to explore the characteristics of a concept by considering the non-example is possible there are still some parts which is a character of the concept which has been described in the example.

Tennyson and Pork (1980 p. 59) in 1994 Slavin suggested that if the teacher will present an example of a concept then there are three things that should be addressed:
1. Sort examples of easy to difficult.
2. Select examples - examples that differ from each other.
3. Compare and distinguish examples - examples and non examples

Setting up the experience with examples and non-examples will help students to construct meaning that richer and more profound than an important concept. Joyce and Weil (1986) in Buehl (1996) has provided the conceptual framework related to the action strategy, which uses a model of inquiry to introduce new concepts and methods of Example Nonexample.

Framework concepts include:
1. Generalized the pair of examples and non-examples that explain some of the most of the character or attributes of a new concept. Present the in a time and ask students to think about what differences there are in the two lists. During the students to think about every non-examples and these examples, ask them what made the two lists differ.
2. Setting up the examples and non examples additional, more specific concepts to encourage students to check the hypothesis that has been made so as to understand new concepts.
3. Asking students to work in pairs to generalize the concept of non-examples and their examples. After that, ask each pair to inform the class to discuss in the classical, so every student can give feedback.
4. As part of the cover, is asking students to describe the concepts that have been obtained by using characters that have been obtained from the examples and non-examples.

Attitudes

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Definition
Human behavior is also triggered by the attitude. Own attitude Naturalife Greenworld sense as "the organization of opinion, a person's beliefs about the object or situation that is relatively steady relative who accompanied the particular feelings and provide a basis for the organism to make a response or behavior in some way it chooses." Or in simple language the attitude is the willingness to act against a thing.

Attitudes have some understanding and definition as follows:
• Attitude is the mental predisposition to commit an act (Kimmball Young (1945)
• Attitude is the constancy and uniqueness of a person's behavior in relation to human stimulus or specific events (Sheriff & sheriff 1956)
• Attitude is predidposisi learned to respond consistently in certain procedures and with respect to a particular object (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975)
• In conclusion pengertain attitude is the tendency to act and react to the stimulus or stimuli.

Components of attitudes
Attitude is the relationship of the various components comprising:
a. Cognitive components: the component that is composed on the basis of knowledge and information about objects owned by a person his or components associated with the knowledge, views, beliefs or how to perceive objects
b. Affective components: an evaluative component that is associated with a sense of happy and unhappy
c. Conative components: one's readiness to behave in a manner related to the object or component associated with the tendency to act toward the object

The characteristics of attitudes
Attitude has the following characteristics:
a. Attitudes are not innate
Means that human beings are born not bring a certain attitude on an object. Therefore, the attitudes are formed during development of the individual. Because formed during development of the attitudes can change, can be formed and studied. But the trend is permanent attitude.
b. Attitude is always associated with the object
Attitudes are formed because of the relationship with certain objects, through the perception of that object.
c. Attitudes can be fixed on one object and a set of objects
If someone has a negative attitude on one person maaka he will show a negative attitude in the group of people.
d. That attitude may last long and short
If attitude has become a value in one's life it will last long survive, but if the attitude has not been deep in oneself, relaatif attitudes can change.
e. Attitude containing feelings or motivation
Attitudes about something will be followed by a certain feeling, either positive or negative. Attitudes also contains the motivation or impetus to behave.

Theories of interpersonal relationships

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There are 4 models of interpersonal relationships which include:
a. Models of social exchange (social exchange model)
Interpersonal relationships is identified with a commercial transaction. People interact because they expect something that meets their needs. This means that in that relationship will produce reward (positive result) or cost (negative effect) and the results / profit (reward minus cost).

b. Role model (role model)
Interpersonal relationship is defined as a stage play. Here each person plays a role fit the script that was made public. The relationship will be better if individuals act in the role expectations (role expectation), the demands of the role (role demands), have the skills (role skills) and to avoid role conflict. Role expectations refer to the obligations, duties and associated with a particular position, while the demands of the role is the role of social pressure that must be executed. Meanwhile, the role of skills is the ability to play a certain role.

c. Model games (games people play model)
The model uses a transactional analysis approach. This model explains that in relating the individuals involved in various games or. Basic personality in this game is divided into 3 parts:
• Personality of the parents (which is an aspect of personality and behavioral assumptions received from parents or who are considered as a parent.)
• adult personality (the personality that process information rationally)
• Personality of the child (taken from the sense of personality and childhood experiences that contain the potential for intuition, spontaneity, creativity and fun).

On the interaction of individuals using one of these personalities while others responded with a display one of these personalities. For example, a husband who was sick and wanted some attention on the wife (the child's personality), then the wife realizes her husband and care for her pain (personality parents).

d. Interactional model (interacsional model)
This model views a system as a hubungann interpersonal. Each system has a structural nature, integrative and terrain. In brief, this model incorporates the exchange model, role and game.

The factors underlying cause of human interaction

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a. imitation Factors, imitation is the impulse to imitate others.
According to Tarde imitation factor is the only underlying factor or underlying social interaction. As noted by Gerungan (1966:36). Imitation does not run automatically but rather is influenced by the attitude of accepting and admiring of what is imitated. To make imitation or imitate any other psychological factors that play a role. In other words, imitation does not run automatically, but there are other factors that come into play, so that someone entered imitation. How can one imitate something kalu person concerned did not have the acceptance of what is imitated. Thus, to imitate the things necessary to accept the attitude, there is admiring attitude toward what is imitated it, because it does not take place on its own imitations. An example of imitation is the language; children learn language through imitation of others besides the modes that hit the community developed because of imitation.

b. Suggestibility factor, is the psychological effect accepted without any criticism
What is meant by the suggestion is psychic influence, whether that comes from yourself, and that comes from others, which are generally accepted without any criticism of the individuals concerned. Therefore segesti distinguishable (1) auto suggestion, namely self-suggestion, suggestion that came from within the individual in question, and (2) hetero-suggestion, the suggestion that comes from other people. Suppose a person is feeling sick-sick, even though objectively concerned in a state of good health because of auto-suggestion therapy the person is feeling in good health, he felt unwell. Examples for hetero suggestion is for example in the areas of trade, the propagation of merchandise in such a way, until no further thinking propaganda people consumed it, and accept only what is proposed by the traders concerned.

Imitation and suggestion of its role in the interaction is almost the same magnitude, but different. In imitation, the people who imitate the current situation is opposite to that imitated in a passive state. While the suggestion of people deliberately and actively provide views, norms and so on for other people receive.
The occurrence of the suggestion to follow the argument as follows:
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, when critical power is inhibited. People who lack the capacity to think critically or less will be easily influenced. Critical resources will be hampered if people are exposed to emotional stimuli. Or in a state of physical and mental fatigue. For example people who have been meeting for hours, she was tired both physically and psychologically, the reluctance to think hard, so usually in a state that so people will easily accept the opinions, views from other parties, or in other words the person concerned will be easy receive suggestions from other parties.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, when the capacity to think split (dissociation). People experiencing dissociation when the person is in a state of confusion so easily accept the influence of others. Psychologically people are in a state of confusion trying to find a peaceful settlement because his soul is not so easily influenced by others.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if the material has the support of many (the majority of suggestion). In this theorem one would easily receive the views, nporma, opinions and so if it has obtained majority support.
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if that gives the material a person who has authority. Although the material given the same but if that gives different then will there is also a difference in reception. People who have the authority would tend to be easily accepted because of high levels of trust
• Suggestion would be easy to accept others, if the person concerned has no opinions that precedes the same direction. If there is an opinion in those who had preceded and which is suggested in line with the generally people will easily accept the opinion

c. identification factor, is the urge to be identical (same) with others. . Identification is a term proposed by Freud, a leading figure in psychology, especially in psychoanalysis. Examples of children learning the social norms of the identification of their parents. In the identification of children will shift gears mengabil attitudes or norms of their parents who made the identification. In this identification process of all the norms, ideals, attitudes and sebagainyadari parents wherever possible be used as the norms, attitudes and so it is of their own children, and children use them in everyday behavior.

d. Sympathy factor, is an attraction to others. Hence the emergence of a feeling on the basis of emotion. In sympathy people feel attracted to other people who seemed to take place by itself, how it is that attracted often unable to provide further clarification. The opposite of sympathy is the antipathy of a rejection or negative. While empathy is a tendency to share in everything that is being perceived by others (feeling with another person).

Social Interaction

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As individual human beings have the incentive or motive to hold a relationship with himself, while as social human beings have the urge to make relationships with others, people have social encouragement. With the encouragement or social motives in humans, then humans would find someone else to hold a relationship or interaction. Thus it will be involved in an interaction between human beings one with another human being.

Understanding social interaction
Social interaction is the relationship between the individual one with another individual. Individuals can influence the other one and vice versa. (Definition of social psychology). In fact the real interactions that occur not as simple as it seems it is a very complex process. Interaction occurred because it is determined by many factors including other human beings that are around that have specific behavior as well.

In the social interaction there is the possibility of individuals to adjust to another, or vice versa. Understanding adjustment here in the broadest sense, namely that individuals can merge themselves with the surrounding circumstances, or otherwise individuals can change the environment in accordance with the circumstances within the individual, in accordance with what is desired by the individual concerned.

Transaction motive, reasons to have and save cash

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Reasons to have and save some cash and not spend it is to finance payments or obligations to do for his business can go on. So for example an industrial company must have a certain amount of cash that will be used to purchase raw materials, auxiliary materials, labor and others. Similarly, an employee or a worker or a customer generally must withhold an amount of cash to buy used goods needs in the future. Reasons to save cash for this needs is what we call the transaction motive.

Mastery of technology as a factor affecting economic growth

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Without a mastery of technology, development and economic growth of a country will remain backward and stunted. With the technology, production processes will be faster and be able to produce a better product quality with lower cost. Advanced technology will help the effectiveness and efficiency in the production process. Thus, the technology will provide added value to the process of economic growth and development by a country. Mastery of technology in developing countries is still lacking....

Natural resources as a determinant of economic growth

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Natural production factors (natural resources) is also a factor no less important as a determinant of economic growth. Things that include natural resources are land, water, air, animals, plants, minerals, and all things that exist in nature.

Without sufficient natural factors, economic growth will not occur. Indonesia in terms of natural resource factor is sufficient, only the ability to utilize and preserve it for the development process to take place on an ongoing basis.

Production

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The definition of production is any human activity which aims to increase the avail / use of goods in an effort to meet human needs.

There are 4 kinds of use of goods: form, time, place, belonging.

Understanding the production of the above is the sense of economically, so that production will include: extractive products, agricultural products, industrial products, trade products, service products.

Type of stratified production business, such as the following:
- the level of primary production
- the level of secondary production
- the level of tertiary production

expansion / improvement of production
comparison between human needs and equipment needs that cause disproportionate production continuously be improved by:
- intensification (increase productivity of factors of production)
- expansion (increasing the number of factors of production)
- specialization (division of labor)
- standardization (division of product standards)
- mechanization (use of machines)

The secret of Warren Buffett’s Wealth

2011-03-07T05:27:00.000-08:00

Citing an article from the San Francisco Chronicle, Thursday, April 1, 2010. There are 5 figures in the world's richest billionaires who still has close links with the simplicity of their lifestyle. One of the billionaire and legendary figures of the world's best investor is Warren Buffett, a successful investor, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, as well as generous (philanthropist) famous.

Many people try to find secrets and tips telling mindset of Buffett-style investing step by buying and follow the book - his book is selling well in the market. However, Buffett's wealth secret in fact, come from generous attitude and a simple lifestyle in his personal life.

From an early age, Buffett has shown his passion in producing and saving money. He had been a salesman door to door, selling gum, soft drinks, to magazines and newspapers. He was diligent saving and the money is used only for essential purposes only.

Warren Buffett is often called the "Oracle from Omaha", currently has assets worth about U.S. $ 47 billion. Together with his wife, 79-year man is still living in a modest home in Omaha, Nebraska, United States who purchased at a price of U.S. $ 31.500, more than 50 years ago, still not using the fence.

Buffet travel without being escorted by anyone and use simple personal cars used until damaged before replacing. He did not travel the world using a private jet, although he has one of the largest jet company's in the world. When resting worn with watching TV while eating pop corn.

Although often enjoy a meal at the finest restaurants in various parts of the world, Buffett's preferred menu burgers, fries and Coca-Cola. When asked why he did not have a yacht, Buffett replied: "Most toys only cause pain in the neck". In fact, he did not have a computer at his desk and travel without a cell phone.

His children will not inherit much of his wealth, Buffett wanted to give them sufficiently and avoid for them to feel no need to do anything, being too comfortable with the situation now.

Warren Buffet once promised, after death he will give 85 percent of their wealth to Bill Gates' charitable foundation, the Gates Foundation. However, the charity is more quickly than expected. In 2006, Warren Buffett donated 10 million in Berkshire shares worth U.S. $ 30.7 billion to the Gates Foundation. Buffett's charity donation amount was recorded as the largest donation in the history of America.

A meaning that we capture here, no matter how good your trading ability, no matter how often you profit, you will never "succeed" if not supported by the ability of saving money well.

To be rich like Warren Buffet you may have to set aside part of your profits and collect them to be part of your trading capital. The majority of traders fail because they do not have enough capital to cover the mistakes they do when trading. This capital will buy time and time will provide the necessary trading experience in honing trading knowledge.

Often people think of "How to use money properly ", but it turns out that they do is "How to Spend the money instantly. "

What do you think about the attitude of generosity and simple lifestyle ala Warren Buffet? Are these attitudes fit with today's lifestyle Investor?

Distribution

2011-03-06T04:22:00.000-08:00

Distribution has the task of distributing goods or services from producers to consumers. Consumers can obtain needed goods if it had been taken by the distributor into place. Community needs can be met with a better way if the increased production offset by a regular distribution.

Benefits of distribution:
- goods production does not accumulate in the producer.
- not causing of scarcity of goods that cause price increases.

Distribution tasks:
- buy
- save
- held a standardization that is entered setting the size and quality of goods to enable consumers to make choices
- transport
- expenditure
- holding ad
- provide information and explanations about the price, quality, benefits, usage and so forth from the head of the executive
- sell

persons or entities that carry out the distribution referred to as distributors.

Distribution Institutions:
1. merchants: retailers, wholesalers
2. intermediary: - agent: an intermediary who sells the company's production of certain goods.
- a broker: intermediaries who sell / provide the goods on behalf of others.
- Commissioner: intermediaries in the trade who sell / buy things for other people but in his own name and are responsible for actions taken.

Consumption

2011-03-05T04:10:00.000-08:00

Consumption in the economic sense is all use of goods and services provided to meet the needs of human life.
Goods that are used by humans to consume can be divided into 2, namely:
1. production of goods: goods that can be used through the process of further production or as a means to produce goods.
2. consumption goods: goods that can be used to meet immediate needs.

Consumption goal is maximum satisfaction for goods and services in achieving prosperity.

Consumption pattern of a person / household economy will largely depend on the income they have.

Consumption pattern of a person / family is affected by factors:
1. amount of income
2. number of families
3. price level needs
4. educational level
5. community environment

Some Tips for Dealing with Fussy Child

2011-01-31T11:41:00.000-08:00

What can we do when faced with children who are fussy, cranky, or angry? Below are some possible ways we can select one of them or partly as a step to be a parent who is more rational:

- Learn to master yourself first. With self-control, even if we are angry, angry in a rational, so it is not out of control.

- Teach children to recognize their emotions and ways they can do to express their feelings.

- Ignore the child's emotional reaction to the irrational and illogical - but give an explanation why you ignore the whining and screaming.

- Apply a logical discipline, such as any he's cranky, we took him in his room, let alone in some time until he can control himself and later on talk heart to heart with common sense.
- Continue trying to uncover the motives behind a cranky behavior, perhaps looking for attention, make demands, or reject what we ordered. In general, the pouting of a high-level routine and the reasons are abstract, usually caused by a lack of quality relationships / warmth of the relationship / closeness, so that happens, parents control the child, or children controlling parents.

- More focus to provide rewards for positive behavior rather than react negatively for negative behavior. For example, if he had succeeded in reducing the intensity and frequency to sulk about it, yes we need to give rewards in various forms which can he interpreted as a tribute.

- Do not let our fear with a cranky child's behavior and we granted his request. This will teach a technique of life that cranky was the most seamless way to achieve goal. But do not also create the impression that if he did not sulk, demand is often overlooked.

- Continue to intensify heart to heart communication so that we can get the hang of good behavior or to discuss the ill effects of bad behavior. It could also make other kids who like to sulk as a case study materials with him, but still avoid the attitude of "attack".

World oddity
This world often show peculiarities. Most of us believe that evil can only be defeated by evil, too. In fact we know that goodness often win against evil with very nice results. That is why we need to practice "patience" in the face of raging hurricanes of our children. Hopefully useful.

Wise and adult learning from child

2011-01-30T11:36:00.000-08:00

If you look to the structure of the teaching of faith, patience is equated with gratitude to God. When we live in a state of positive then we are commanded to enable gratitude to God, in a sense led to the idea positively, running positive action, positive way, to achieve positive goals. But, turn to a negative situation, then the patience to be enabled. But here a different definition of patience with pathetic patience and fatalistic, just wait without doing anything - and this is equivalent to throwing the responsibility on others. Patience in this definition, is the patience in the context of mental toughness are realized in our diligence as a parent to proceed. That is, learn to recognize and correct our weaknesses of the relationship with the child. Actually we can see very clearly, that there are some similarities between the attitudes, character and habits with children in both positive and negative. Including about temper tantrums as an instant solution to obtain wishes.

So actually, the first lesson in patience is not directed to children, but to ourself. If we do not " patience", heard a whining child, see the delinquency of children, see the actions of children who do not support our image, see the way children who are not as sweet as our expectations - it would not be surprised if we wanted to quickly get out of that situation, generally with fatalistic attitude. So we often hear the words "well, what can I do ... he's already born naughty ..." or .. "it’s natural..... he's still small child".... maybe, we are unable to manage the drives of ourself not to smoke, do not watch soap operas at the time the child learns, not gossiping at work, not play the game when the work piled up, no shopping mania for 70% discount.

There are some of us who seemed to be wise since birth. From birth already seen the potential for "patient". Actually, also the product of a process, because the character of their parents and experienced life processes contribute to determine and influence the nature, character, and things that are "innate" child.

But there is also like a banyan tree. To reach maturity soul, that person must collaborate with wind, hot sun, the sting of parasites, or incision knife prankster - all of that process of real life, if used properly and in place, gave birth to the wisdom that flows in the attitude of persevering and loyal - wait to set up and establish the self - before forming another person. Just imagine, if we do not yet have its own shape, still a photo copy of the old pattern, or still in the original format that are not yet up grade - how to shape a child?

Basically, everyone was given the potential to be "patient and wise." About the potential that we use it or not, we are offered to choose. Therefore, be patient orders that are general and absolute, not only addressed to certain people but to every person.

Some of the supporting factors to be more patience and wiser as parents

2011-01-29T11:33:00.000-08:00

When we bring context to explain how we can be more patient parent and wise, then in general there are several factors that can be said as supporters to get there. A number of that factors may be mentioned here, among others:

- Relation parent / father-mother. The more synergistic relationship that exists between father and mother, both outwardly and inwardly, the greater the potential to give each other support in facing the challenges of a "parent". Many research results reveal that the children often become victims of inharmonious parents. If parents themselves are at loggerheads and value, or a power struggle, or even colonize another one, how can collaborate to educate children?

- Perception of parents. Parents who consider themselves as teachers and rulers of the all of everything in front of children, may be more difficult to learn patience and wiser than the parents who also realize the importance to become "students" who have a willingness to understand and study the behavior of the child to find a solution.

- Mastery of inner atmosphere. Parents who are more mature in controlling stress, it's easier to learn to be more patient than parents who are always reactive to stress or carrying around their stress in the face of a child.

- Mental Maturity. Parents that have more varied life experience, greater soul, their confident is higher, or values that exist in his chest is stronger, it's easier to learn patience.

- Attitude towards family economic circumstances. This understanding is not about rich or poor, but rather on how the attitude of the fluctuations of economic conditions of families in certain moments. A positive attitude will be more supportive to learn more patient than a negative attitude.

- Discourse and values developed in the family. Families that still open talks about the discourse of life that inspires the soul or the values that brighten wisdom, will be easier to learn patience rather than the family that material conversation limited to things that are superficial.

- Family situation and external conditions in general. Families with the people in them one heart, one vision, and one rhythm, would be more supportive to learn patience.

That all are contributing factors. This factor will only actively support if we activate the deciding factor. Who would be the deciding factor here? The determining factor is that we are with all the commitment we have to learn "patience" - involved process and grow to be mature in line with the growth process of our children.

Lessons For Being Better Parents

2011-01-28T11:29:00.000-08:00

A young father finally to justify greeting mother-in-law. This young father can not stand when he saw his daughter crying with a loud voice, throwing objects around her toys. Unable to stand, usually done is to avoid it whenever possible or to react aggressively who end with regrets.

To the mother-in-law, the young father says if he can not stand to see small children crying. But what is the answer from his mother-in-law? Mother-in-law told him that she had too. Her resolve to face young children are naturally obtained through an indirect process. "Later if you continue to learn also will bear, boy," says mother-in-law with ease.

That may be a simple greeting parents. But actually contain wisdom that is important for young couples. Assessment - fussiness courage to face the little kids just like the power to manage success and failure. One's strength in managing the success was not obtained after the person is enjoying success. Strength is obtained if one brave, able and willing to proceed, facing difficulties, obstacles, failures and the up and down of life diligently and faithfully. A series of "procession" of this nature which strengthens the inner person. Just as well as tree trunks. He rose with the strengthening process of photosynthesis of leaves, branches and twigs, as the wind blows that reaches it.

Personally, I am often asked related to how to deal with a patient when a child crying out for something. The question is simple, but there's no simple answer. Why? Like the people picking fruit, the answer is already up there and the stairs are also provided. But, to reap the fruits that we have to ride alone. The fruit did not fall with the words, knowledge, or by asking someone else.

If you read some expert explanation on small children, is very natural that we as parents were experiencing shock. According to Prof. Robert G. Harrington, PhD, from the University of Kansas, temper tantrums experienced by a child when he was between 1-4 years (Temper Tantrums: Guidelines for Parents: 2004),

Temper tantrums are a normal problem on the behavior of young children in expressing his irritation when it does not have adequate words to express frustration or do not have the ability to control himself or even the ability to independently carry out his wish. The shape is a lot, for example when rolling around crying, kicking things, or slam the door when cranky, or sulk, refusing to eat and talk.

For parents who are facing this kind of behavior is strongly recommended so as not to see it as an aberration that can be outside or extraordinary fairness, but sees it as part of the growth process that needs to go through both sides (parents and children). The perception of parents is decisive action, the shape can start from punishing an extraordinary or exceptional tolerant, because it is considered "ah, it was a kid ..." This process inevitably go through a mental exercise in the parent and children, and setting the basis of the value of children. If within this period the parent gives instant gratification - instant gratification, in order to stop whining, our children will not realize that man should working to survive, and joy, contentment - is the optimum business impact of that has been released to bring satisfaction, regardless of the results.

One thing to keep in reflection, let us not put up with whining children, and quickly meet the demands of children, or on the bribe - the bribe with promises of heaven, so that the child quiet, lest we to become parents, not yet managed to overcome the urge of instant self gratification. Wish there quickly, if necessary, use a shortcut. The inability to manage the urge in us as parents, will be repeated again when we deal with children.

'Doggy Style' Just Nice To Men

2011-01-26T07:30:00.000-08:00

This is my favorite style of making love. I am sure every men like it too. Because this position, in my own opinion, give me more pleasure and satisfaction. Especially when my sex partner have nice round ass, wow… it’s very nice. The sensation is very very beautiful. The most favorite making love style.

Most men prefer the making love position called doggy style. This is usual because the back of the vagina bone directly exposed penis, so men prefer the position of this making love. This making love position has become a variation of the fair sex who performed for the making love is not monotonous.

Doggy style is the making love position that can replace the sensation of anal sex. Some people do like anal sex. However, anal sex should be avoided and wherever possible do not even try.

Rear entry position (doggy style) is the best substitute for anal sex. This position is a position to enter penis into the vagina when making love, but the angle of penetration and its position from the back of your partner's body. This making love position will produce a different experience for men when compared with opposite positions.

However, women are generally less like the position of this making love. Women prefer the missionary position because this position can free her to change the movement in accordance with G-spot area.

While the doggy style position that regulates the husband who does not know the sensitive area of women is on the clitoris.

How then, so that both partners share the get satisfaction?

Easy. Vary both positions during making love. The men must remember to change positions when it was in the doggy style position. Do not forget that the pair crave other positions.

Just Enjoy it. ^_^

RED

2011-01-22T12:48:00.000-08:00

Frank Moses has retired from the CIA and his retirement he spent alone. As entertainment, he is often called Sarah, pension fund officials who take care of all their financial problems. Not some long, Frank finds himself the target of assassination. He went looking for friend that is former of his team.

Knowing the target of, frank went to see sarah. This is a very sudden because they have never met at all. he abducted Sarah to keep watch for Sarah not been targeted by assassins.
One by one Frank found his friends, and they are equally likely. Old.
But growing old is not a barrier for the officers that are dedicated and well skilled in action.
What will happen once they know that they are targeting by the CIA itself?
These retirees dubbed "RED" or Retired - Extremely - Dangerous. and they must be exterminated.

Film duration of about 2 hours is lost focus of the story when an assassination attempt was associated with Operation Guatemala and also vice president of U.S.. Not to mention the role of 'Sarah' which is really just a puppet movie sweetener.

But arguably, none is more entertaining than seeing these old men acted like the other young cops.
Supported by Bruce Willis, John Malkovich, Morgan Freeman and Helen Mirren, the film is worth watching with family ..

Ayu Azhari

2011-01-21T12:45:00.000-08:00

Ayu Azhari (born as Siti Khadijah, in Jakarta, 19 November 1969) is an actress, model and singer from Indonesia. Her sister, Sarah Azhari, Ibra Azhari, Rahma Azhari also an actress.

Ayu married three times. Of all the wedding she received six children, Axel Gondokusumo (from marriage with Djody Gondokusumo), Sean Azad, Mariam Nur al-Iman and Sulaiman Atiq (from marriage with Teemu Yusuf Ibrahim) and Isabelle Tramp and Lennon Tramp (from the marriage with Mike Tramp).
Ayu's sixth child birth is the result of her marriage with Mike Tramp in September 2008 to coincide with Ramadan. Ayu gave birth at a hospital in the United States.
In the world of entertainment in Indonesia, Ayu famous as model, actress and singer. In May 2006 Ayu launch dangdut album with the main track Ibu and I Love You So Much, which is Ayu's own creation.

Rahma Syahidah Azhari

2011-01-20T12:42:00.000-08:00

Rahma Syahidah Azhari (born in Jakarta, 17 September 1981) is a model and film star. She was one of eight siblings 'celebrities family' Azhari, who is known for full sensation and controversy. Her siblings that are well known as a celebrity is Ayu Azhari, Sarah Azhari and Ibra Azhari.

Historically this woman have contained a fetus that was not known who is her father, because it was public knowledge that Rahma was not married. Finally, the mother of Oceans Camilla is married to a businessman Alfay Rauf on June 10, 2003.

Her marriage had trials in November 2006. Rahma seen arguing with her husband in a place of entertainment nights, Blowfish. Even for this fight, Rahman must be taken to hospital due to violence. These events ultimately culminate in divorce. February 13 2008 she officially divorced from Rauf, her husband.

In November 2008, Rahma became controversial due to emergence of pictures of naked with her sister, Sarah Azhari on the internet. The case is checked by the authorities. Rahma and Sarah who feel aggrieved, reported one expert, Roy Suryo to police with allegations of defamation.

Sarah Azhari, an actress and model from Indonesia

2011-01-19T12:42:00.000-08:00

Sarah Azhari (born in Jakarta, June 16, 1977) is an actress and model from Indonesia. She is the sister of Ayu Azhari, Ibra Azhari and Rahma Azhari. Sarah is more often worked as models instead of starring in a movie or sing. Together with senior actress Christine Hakim, she starred in the film directed by Garin Nugroho entitled Leaves on Top Pillows. In 1999, she released an album titled "Peluk Aku Cium Aku".

In July 2005, she prosecuted the case the beating of a journalist infotainment. Finally she was rewarded four-month jail sentence. The case was not fully completed because Sarah can not accept a court decision and intend to appeal to the Supreme Court level.

End of November 2008, Sarah and her sister, Rahma Azhari, entangled case nude photos spread on the internet. This case is ultimately handled by the authorities and request assistance from telematics expert Roy Suryo.

In March 2009, she began to undergo a series of related outstanding breadth of these siblings nude photos. Sarah accompanied by lawyer, Farhat Abbas, and Roy Suryo finally reported on charges of defamation.